Articles tagged with Polysaccharides
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo genetically engineer cyanobacteria to produce sulfated polysaccharides, a sustainable route for manufacturing biomaterials. The study demonstrates the feasibility of engineering complex biosynthetic pathways in photosynthetic organisms.
Researchers discovered that Akkermansia bacteria, which aid human digestion, also thrive in the ocean by breaking down seaweed sugar. This finding highlights the importance of these bacteria in both human health and marine ecosystems.
Scientists have developed a novel technique to track the behavior of cellulose nanofibers by conjugating water-compatible fluorescent amino acids, enabling easy viewing without background signals or disruptions. The method uses a covalent bond to increase stability and visibility, opening up opportunities for various fields of study.
Researchers discovered a compound, EPS3.9, produced by deep-sea bacteria that triggers pyroptosis to inhibit tumor growth and exhibit potent anti-cancer effects. The study highlights the importance of exploring marine microbial resources for developing new drugs.
A team of researchers developed a molecular probe that detects sugar consumption in microbes, revealing the role of microorganisms in breaking down ocean sugars. The study provides new insights into glycan cycling across ecosystems and sheds light on the global carbon cycle.
Researchers found that nutrient hoarding by selfish bacteria influences carbon and nutrient availability in freshwater ecosystems. In two Croatian lakes, mesotrophic Crniševo Lake showed higher rates of selfish activity than oligotrophic Kozjak Lake.
Researchers explore structural and functional characteristics of Russula vinosa Lindblad polysaccharides, finding potential applications in pharmaceuticals and functional foods. The study reveals that structural differences between polysaccharides influence immunomodulatory activities.
Kyushu University researchers create a microwave flow reaction device that converts complex polysaccharides into simple monosaccharides, producing glucose. The device utilizes a continuous-flow hydrolysis process, where cellobiose is passed through a sulfonated carbon catalyst heated using microwaves.
Researchers isolated three purified polysaccharide fractions from sea buckthorn and found them to have good thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and reducing capabilities. The polysaccharides outperformed vitamin C in eliminating free radicals, making them promising for application in functional cosmetics.
Colombian researchers create novel mycelium-based biocomposites by cultivating Ganoderma gibbosum on agro-industrial residues. The resulting biocomposites exhibit tailored physical-mechanical properties, enabling sustainable and renewable materials production.
Scientists at Yokohama National University successfully isolated Mannan-rich Holocellulose nanofibers (HCNFs) from spent coffee grounds using TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The resulting HCNFs exhibit desirable properties, including preservative-free long-term storage, volume reduction during transportation, and easy handling without solven...
Researchers from Inner Mongolia University and The Sorbonne University of France review the biological mechanisms underlying polysaccharide cosmetics. They found that controlled molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and functional groups can enhance cosmetic efficacy.
Researchers have created a method to make fully recyclable polymers from plant cellulose, which can replace some plastics and reduce plastic pollution. The new polymers have various structures that offer different applications, including high-performance materials for optical, electronic, and biomedical uses.
Researchers found that the bacterial community in Arctic seabed sediments remains stable throughout the seasons, with changes in gene expression of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. This suggests that bacteria can utilize fresh material from the water column as well as stored compounds in the seabed.
Researchers from Chung-Ang University have discovered tara gum as a promising sustainable material for biodegradable packaging and drug delivery systems. The study examines the modification methods of tara gum polysaccharides, including their applications in pH-sensitive food packaging and controlled-release drug formulations.
Researchers from NUS Medicine discovered that specific CPS structures and sugar combinations help Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the human respiratory tract. The study sheds light on the importance of CPS structure in bacterial survival, which will inform future vaccine development.
Researchers investigated polysaccharide composition of hydrenchyma tissue in 93 different species of aloes to understand connection with medicinal use, phylogeny, growth form, distribution, and leaf morphology. The study found that polysaccharide composition primarily correlates with growth form and leaf morphology.
A study by Pusan National University researchers investigates the effects of mild acid hydrolysis on sulfated fucans in sea cucumbers and sea urchins. The results show selective 2-desulfation, leading to an 8-sugar-long oligosaccharide production.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that a fungus secretes an enzyme that punches holes in rice leaves, making it vulnerable to chemical blockers. The team is now screening chemicals to find ones that block the enzyme's ability to digest plant cell walls.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev discovered a new compound derived from marine red microalga that exhibits effective antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungus. The compound's unique structure, featuring long and dense spikes, allows it to poke holes in bacterial membranes and kill off infections.
Researchers found two Korean native plants' saponins inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells by blocking membrane fusion. These compounds show promise in treating COVID-19, especially for asymptomatic cases.
A banana protein-derived therapy called H84T-BanLec has been shown to be effective against all known strains of the flu and all human-infecting coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The therapy works by binding to high-mannose glycans on the surface of viruses but rarely found on normal human cells.
Researchers at Shinshu University have developed a new method to remove nanoplastics from water using apples and pectin. The study found that the method was able to remove 95% of nanoplastics in just 24 hours.
A team led by Professor Charles Gauthier is developing a glycoconjugate vaccine using sugars expressed on the surface of Burkholderia pseudomallei. The vaccine aims to stimulate an immune response and increase its efficacy.
A team of researchers discovered that combining food-grade plant extracts like okra and aloe can effectively remove microplastics from wastewater. The most effective combination was found to be okra paired with fenugreek in ocean water, while okra paired with tamarind worked best for freshwater samples.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown bacterial enzyme that can produce a new type of biodegradable polysaccharide called acholetin. Acholetin has wide-ranging potential as a biocompatible, biodegradable material for biomedical applications.
Researchers have identified a novel enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycosidic bonds in complex sugar moieties. The discovery provides fresh insights into carbohydrate metabolism and offers a breakthrough for the synthesis of sugar chains, which play key roles in various biological processes.
A new Michigan Medicine study suggests that genes from oceanic bacteria have entered the human gut microbiome, enabling digestion of seaweed polysaccharides. The research found that these genes are more common than previously recognized and are linked to the ability to process certain seaweed-derived sugars.
Researchers have created a new type of cholera vaccine consisting of polysaccharides displayed on virus-like particles, generating long-lasting antibody responses in mice. The vaccine shows promise as a next-generation cholera vaccine, potentially replacing current vaccines that last only 2-5 years.
Researchers at RIKEN have developed a healthier form of tapioca starch by suppressing multiple genes that increase its resistance to digestion. The resulting starch is composed of longer chains with fewer branches, making it harder to digest and potentially improving intestinal function and blood sugar control.
The Verrucomicrobiota group of bacteria plays a crucial role in degrading polysaccharides released by algae during spring blooms in the North Sea. These specialized bacteria consume hard-to-degrade sugars, including those containing sulfate and fucose, using unique pathways and organelle-like structures to avoid toxic compounds.
A research team from POSTECH and ImmunoBiome Inc. discovered a yeast-derived polysaccharide mixture that selectively suppresses inflammatory T-cells and induces regulatory T-cells with anti-inflammatory function. The study found that MGCP, the novel polysaccharide, effectively inhibits inflammatory diseases without major side effects.
A novel graphene-based nanozyme was developed using Ganoderma lucidum extract polysaccharides, enabling high sensitivity and selectivity detection of L-cysteine in serum. The study published in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry demonstrated improved stability and dispersion of the nanozyme in water.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute modified E. coli to produce chondroitin sulfate, a drug used to treat arthritis, in an animal-free fashion. The process allows for fast and efficient production of the drug, with potential applications in therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
Researchers found a microalgal sugar that is resistant to microbial degradation, forming particles that sink to the ocean floor and store carbon. This discovery challenges the assumption that sugars are rapidly degraded by bacteria, making them an important carbon sink.
Researchers found that Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide modulates the gut microbiota and improves metabolic pathways, leading to a reduction in serum glucose levels and alleviating type 2 diabetes symptoms. The study provides new insights into the use of dietary polysaccharides for preventing or intervening in T2DM.
A Shinshu University research team has successfully cultivated microalgae using a novel mechanical milking system, overcoming three major cultivation challenges. This non-destructive method enables the efficient production of valuable compounds like polysaccharides and phycobiliproteins without solvent extraction.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology create unique micro-springs from natural polysaccharide fibers with self-assembling twisted microstructures. The sacran fiber behaves like a mechanical spring under humid conditions, enabling fast bending and stretching responses to changes in humidity.
Researchers have discovered a new alginate lyase in a heat-loving bacterium that can directly utilize brown algae and ferment its components into ethanol with high-yield. The study has identified previously unknown enzymatic families contributing to bioconversion, shedding light on sustainable seaweed-based biofuel production.
A new method uses isomaltodextrin, a cheap and widely available polysaccharide, to separate semiconducting from metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes. The purified semiconducting SWCNTs were found to improve the performance of thin-film transistors in LCD displays.
A microbial community with small diversity was found to efficiently clean up algal blooms through the bacterial degradation of specific polysaccharide substrates. The study revealed a limited spectrum of important polysaccharide classes, primarily alpha- and beta-glucans, which are made up of basic components.
A research team has elucidated the complex degradation pathway of the polysaccharide Ulvan from marine algae, revealing the biochemical function of 12 enzymes. The findings have significant implications for future biotechnological applications and improve our understanding of the marine carbon cycle.
A new complex carbohydrate was discovered in barley by University of Adelaide researchers, which has the potential to be exploited for various uses. The polysaccharide is a mix of glucose and xylose and could behave as a structural component or a viscous gel.
Researchers found a new polysaccharide in moss with properties similar to beta glucan, a dietary fiber known for its health benefits. The discovery suggests great potential for this new compound as it relates to health, industrial and medical fields.
Caries-causing bacteria survive in dental plaque thanks to EPS' calcium integration, which neutralizes toxins and strengthens the biofilm. This process inhibits enamel remineralization, contributing to caries development.
Researchers found that ferrous sulfate increased hemoglobin concentration more than iron polysaccharide complex, and had a higher complete resolution of IDA. The study suggests once daily low-dose ferrous sulfate as a treatment option for children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia.
New research reveals the mechanism by which probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei DG promotes health. The probiotic releases a novel polysaccharide that stimulates the immune system to release anti-inflammatory chemicals.
Chemists at the University of Copenhagen have discovered how lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) bind to cellulose, a crucial step in transforming plant waste into sustainable biofuels. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production and development of green energy sources.
Polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis have been shown to protect PC12 neuronal cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, reduce apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and increase mitochondrial membrane potential. In a rat model of local cerebral ischemia, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides enhanced antioxidant activit...
Scientists discovered that certain sugars can control the timing and placement of minerals used to produce hard structures like shells and exoskeletons. The research proposes a theory on how charged and uncharged sugars can create these structures, offering potential for new environmental and medical technologies.
Researchers at Joint BioEnergy Institute develop new strategy to enhance polysaccharide deposition in plant cell walls, reducing lignin content and improving sugar release. This breakthrough could increase cell wall content for the pulping industry, bioenergy applications, and improve crop yields.
Researchers have successfully reproduced a key component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide structures, allowing for deeper understanding of their growth and potential antibiotic targets. The discovery could lead to the development of new treatments against Gram-negative bacteria.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a way to modify bacterial sugar molecules, which could be used to create potent vaccines. This technique allows for the easy production of vaccine components through simple fermentation.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have discovered that the protective capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans fungus grows by linking saccharides together, allowing it to evade the immune system. This finding could lead to new therapies or vaccines against fungal infections.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 clinical trials found that commonly used pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines do not appear to prevent pneumonia. High-quality trials only showed no evidence of vaccine efficacy, raising questions about current recommendations for the vaccine.
Research in germ-free mice suggests that certain human gut microbes form strategic alliances to improve digestion of complex sugars, leading to increased fat storage. The study's findings highlight the importance of understanding individual gut microbial communities and their interactions with hosts.
A team of researchers at the University of Georgia has discovered a gene that encodes one of the proteins responsible for pectin synthesis, a major component in plant cell walls. This breakthrough discovery could lead to advances in plant disease resistance and potentially manipulate pectins to fight cancer.
A study compared genetically modified Desirée potatoes with five conventional varieties, revealing a surprising range of variation in substance content. The analyses found that the genetically modified lines exhibited similar variation to the conventional varieties, except for higher inulin polysaccharide content.
Researchers at Texas A&M University are investigating the healing properties of Aloe vera, particularly its polysaccharide, which binds growth factors in wounds and speeds up the healing process. The study aims to improve wound healing for elderly patients with bedsores, diabetic ulcers, and vascular ulcers.