Proteomics
Articles tagged with Proteomics
Thousands of new proteins revealed in dark proteome
A team of scientists has uncovered more than 1,700 new proteins known as peptideins, which are smaller than traditional proteins and may have unique biology. These proteins were found in the 'dark proteome', a section of DNA previously overlooked, and could have implications for human diseases like cancer.
Largest study on genetics of blood proteins uncovers new disease mechanisms and drug repurposing opportunities
A massive study involving 78,000 participants reveals new insights into the genetic regulation of blood proteins and their role in diseases. The findings hold potential to transform our understanding of different diseases and inform drug development.
How changes to proteins can alter drug interactions for new precision therapies
Researchers discovered over 400 proteins with modified states affecting drug binding, including KRAS and NPC2. PTMs may influence therapy selection and combination, offering new opportunities for targeted treatments. The study could reshape cancer treatment and lead to more effective therapies.
Microbes contribute a surprisingly large array of proteins in fermented foods
A new study found that microbial proteins make up to 11% of the total protein content in fermented foods and comprise 60% of identified proteins. These microbes convert raw substrates into nutritious products, influencing gut physiology and potentially impacting health outcomes.
Mapping the hidden signals of breast cancer risk
Scientists at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center mapped the architecture of healthy breast tissue to uncover early biological changes linked to cancer risk. The study found that body weight and breast density shape the underlying structure of breast tissue, offering new clues about how cancer risk may develop long before tumors form.
High-throughput proteomics accelerates the era of precision medicine
Advances in high-throughput proteomics and artificial intelligence are transforming biomarker discovery, disease prediction, and drug development. Proteomic technologies enable comprehensive snapshots of physiological and pathological states, driving breakthroughs in early diagnosis and personalized treatments.
In or out? Researchers uncover new controls on the brain’s ‘bouncer’
A team led by Jiefu Li developed a new method to examine proteins lining the inside surface of blood vessels, revealing two proteins and pathways that play a role in opening and closing the blood-brain barrier. This discovery could help scientists understand how the barrier functions and develop better ways to deliver medicines for neu...
International team takes first steps in mapping wheat biology at single-cell resolution
An international team is calling for a coordinated effort to map gene expression across every cell type and developmental stage of wheat. Spatial omics technologies can transform wheat research by revealing how individual cells respond to stress, regulate grain development, and control yield-related traits.
New biomarker for immunoglobulin a nephropathy identified
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, which is an autoimmune disease that can lead to kidney failure. Complement pathway proteins, including CFHR1, were found to be overexpressed in patients with IgA nephropathy, suggesting a potential treatment target and diagnostic marker.
Sugar-processing enzyme has a hidden second job – controlling when cells divide
Researchers discovered that PFK, a key sugar-processing enzyme, has a hidden function controlling cell division by unwinding RNA and promoting gene translation. The enzyme's ability to bind and unwind RNA was found to be crucial for cell cycle progression, with cells lacking PFK2 showing slowed growth and division issues.
Writing the catalog of plasma membrane repair proteins
Researchers at OIST identified 80 plasma membrane repair proteins in budding yeast, revealing a coordinated sequence of molecular events. The study provides a foundation for investigating plasma membrane repair mechanisms in higher eukaryotes, including human cells.
A new molecular atlas of tau enables precision diagnostics and drug targeting across neurodegenerative diseases
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have developed a novel mass spectrometry tool called FLEXITau to analyze brain tissue from 203 patients with various tauopathies. The study identified 145 post-translational modifications and 195 cleavage sites across tau, providing a precise molecular roadmap for diagnostics and drug development.
Discovery shines light on a cascade of events that occurs when toxic tau impacts synapses, suggesting new mechanisms for neurodegeneration
Researchers developed a new tool to track changes in the synaptic proteome over time, correlating changes to synaptic dysregulation and synapse loss. The results suggest that toxic tau oligomers impact postsynaptic structures first, leading to a dynamic cascade of events that contribute to neurodegeneration.
A new atlas could help guide researchers studying neurological disease
A new study has created a comprehensive atlas of lysosomal proteins in the brain, shedding light on the functions and dysfunctions of these cellular components. The data, which includes 790 proteins associated with lysosomes, could help scientists better understand neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Blood test can help identify cancer in patients with non-specific symptoms
A new blood test has identified a protein signature linked to cancer in patients with non-specific symptoms. The test distinguishes cancer from other conditions with high precision and can help prioritize patients for further diagnostics.
New mass spec innovation could transform research
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a new technique to improve mass spectrometry, enabling better drug target discovery and tumor analysis. The innovation increases sensitivity by breaking down scans into smaller bins, allowing for more accurate measurement of differences in concentration.
Changing the paradigm on hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Connective tissues don’t tell the whole story
A recent study from Medical University of South Carolina research team challenges the notion that hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is an isolated connective tissue disorder. The studies reveal a genetic variant associated with the disease and disruption of the immune system, which may be the underlying cause. This new understanding a...
C-Compass: AI-based software maps proteins and lipids within cells
The C-COMPASS tool uses neural networks to predict protein localizations and incorporates proteome data for reproducible analyses. It enables the exploration of spatial lipidomics by combining proteome and lipidome data, revealing changes in lipid distribution associated with metabolic perturbations.
Spatial Touchstone brings quality control to spatial transcriptomics
The Spatial Touchstone project has developed a standardized framework for spatial transcriptomics analysis, providing critical metrics and quality control measures. The repository includes curated datasets from six tissue types, paired with an open-source software tool to compare samples across institutions.
Ancient arctic adaptations may influence modern disease risk
Researchers identified 251 genetic variants that significantly affect circulating protein levels in Greenlanders, showing stronger genetic control over certain proteins in the Inuit population. The study uncovered 70 previously unreported associations and found links between Arctic-adapted genes and disease development.
Immune reactions found behind human rejection of transplanted pig kidneys
Researchers have made breakthroughs in overcoming immune reactions behind human rejection of transplanted pig kidneys, paving the way for more successful clinical trials. The study reveals three major immune responses against the pig kidney and identifies potential biomarkers as early-warning systems for rejection.
New method offers broader and faster detection of protein-ligand interactions
EMBL scientists introduce HT-PELSA, a high-throughput adaptation of an earlier tool that detects protein-ligand interactions. This breakthrough enables researchers to analyze hundreds of samples in parallel while maintaining sensitivity and reproducibility.
Mapping the dynamic glycosylation landscape of rat serum proteins
Researchers mapped dynamic glycosylation patterns in rat serum proteins, revealing distinct cell-type-specific profiles. Female rats exhibited pronounced daily fluctuations in sugar structures, suggesting regulation by hormonal and circadian cycles.
New blood-based biomarkers could help predict bariatric surgery outcomes in teens
Researchers developed innovative blood-based biomarkers to predict long-term blood pressure improvements after bariatric surgery. The study analyzed pre-surgery blood tests and identified top 10 molecules linked to improved blood pressure outcomes.
Two Mount Sinai research papers present evidence of distinct molecular differences between brain tissue from living people and tissue collected after death
New research papers from Mount Sinai present unprecedented evidence that brain tissue from living individuals has a unique molecular character, differing significantly from postmortem samples. These findings challenge the conventional practice of using postmortem brain tissue for studying the human brain and its diseases.
New method enables researchers to investigate the cause of heart diseases
A new study from the University of Copenhagen enables researchers to investigate the cause of heart diseases by analyzing thousands of proteins in heart tissue. This groundbreaking method reveals molecular patterns characteristic of heart diseases.
Human cilia study offers clues to childhood diseases
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stanford University have identified hundreds of proteins in primary cilia, which can lead to disorders affecting the brain, eyes, kidneys, and bones. The study's findings may contribute to improved diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases, including ciliopathies.
Multi-omics machine learning can detect ALS 10 years before symptom appears
Researchers identified 33 plasma proteins that differ significantly in patients with ALS, suggesting the disease could be detected up to 10 years before symptoms appear. Machine learning models showed strong performance in separating ALS cases from non-ALS cases, with an accuracy of over 98.3%.
Protein chemist lands NIH grant to study inflammation
Saiful Chowdhury's five-year project aims to create a blueprint of how immune proteins work, which could lead to new medical treatments for cancer and inflammatory diseases. The team will use advanced proteomics technologies to map protein interactions and modifications.
AI tools uncover new link between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and aging
Researchers used AI to identify shared biological features between aging and fibrosis, finding new potential targets for therapy. The study found that IPF is not simply accelerated aging, but a unique biological condition shaped by age-related dysfunction.
Can a healthy gut microbiome help prevent childhood stunting?
Researchers found that children with stable gut microbiomes tend to have better growth outcomes. The study created the first-ever pediatric undernutrition microbial genome catalog, which can predict and prevent malnutrition. This discovery opens the door to new diagnostics and therapeutics for addressing global child stunting issues.
New study links exosomes to biological aging
Researchers found that exosomes from senescent cells and circulatory exosomes carry molecular signatures associated with biological aging and cellular senescence. These signatures include proteins, lipids, and microRNAs linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling.
AI-based tool can ‘measure’ cancer aggressiveness and paves the way for new therapies
A newly developed AI-based tool uses protein expression to create a stemness index that analyzes tumor similarity to pluripotent stem cells. The model predicts tumor aggressiveness and identifies potential targets for new therapies, offering hope for improved cancer treatment.
Pusan National University study reveals engineered bacterial vesicles to combat antimicrobial resistance
Researchers from Pusan National University have developed engineered bacterial vesicles that use a novel surface-displaying protein to selectively target and eliminate E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. These vesicles, derived from lactic acid bacteria, offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Ancient collagen can help identify a “wombat the size of a hippo” in the fossil record
Scientists have developed new markers to identify three key megafauna species in Australia, including a wombat the size of a hippo and a giant kangaroo. The discovery could provide crucial evidence about prehistoric ecosystems and help understand future extinctions.
Newly discovered ‘molecular fingerprints’ could transform diabetes treatment and diagnosis
Researchers have uncovered unique molecular fingerprints for insulin sensitivity, challenging traditional binary classification of people with type 2 diabetes. These signatures can help identify individuals at risk earlier than current methods, paving the way for personalized treatments and precision medicine.
Understanding which proteins work together and their mechanisms for doing so
Researchers at ETH Zurich created an atlas of protein interactions in different tissues, revealing that every fourth interaction is tissue-specific. This knowledge helps identify disease genes and develop targeted drugs with increased specificity.
New explanation for muscle memory found in muscle proteins
A study by the University of Jyväskylä found that muscles retain a memory trace of previous resistance training at the protein level for up to two and a half months. This persistence can make it easier to start training again after a break.
Researchers develop new way to match young cancer patients with the right drugs
Researchers have developed a new approach to personalize treatments for young cancer patients by growing tumors in chicken eggs and analyzing proteins. The technique, which combines genomics and proteomics, was successful in identifying a treatment option for a patient with a rare pediatric cancer.
New AI models possible game-changers within protein science and healthcare
Researchers developed new AI models, InstaNovo and InstaNovo+, to vastly improve accuracy and discovery in protein science. These models excel in tasks such as de novo peptide sequencing, identifying microorganisms, and discovering novel peptides, with implications for personalized medicine, cancer immunology, and beyond.
Trauma surgeons propose ‘precision transfusion’ approach to pre-hospital care
Researchers found that giving plasma, rather than whole blood, improves outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or shock. Plasma recipients had distinct proteomic profiles associated with later stages of clot formation, neuron survival, and wound repair.
New method uses DNA barcodes for high throughput RNA and protein detection in deep tissue
A new technique called cycleHCR uses DNA barcodes to track hundreds of RNA and protein molecules in single cells within thick biological samples. This allows researchers to decipher how genes function in different parts of an organism, how they enable development, and how they might be altered in diseases.
Sulfur bacteria team up to break down organic substances in the seabed
Researchers discovered that sulfur bacteria from the Desulfobacteraceae family work together like a team to break down diverse organic compounds. By analyzing six strains, they found similar molecular strategies and a highly energy-efficient central metabolism pathway, enabling them to thrive in oxygen-free environments.
Cracking the code of lethal antibodies in a new blood-clotting disorder
A team of researchers has identified a new chronic blood clotting disorder, VITT-like monoclonal gammopathy of thrombotic significance (MGTS), characterized by antibodies similar to those causing vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT). The disorder can lead to severe symptoms despite treatment with full-dose bloo...
Identification of novel marker candidates associated with the progression of prediabetes to diabetes or its remission to normoglycemia
Researchers identified 14 proteins and 2 metabolites associated with prediabetes progression to diabetes, including DCXR and GSTA3. Inflammation and immune system pathways also play a key role in glucose homeostasis.
Launch of world’s most significant protein study set to usher in new understanding for medicine
The UK Biobank has launched a groundbreaking study to measure over 5,400 proteins in 600,000 samples, offering unprecedented insights into disease development and progression. This massive dataset will enable researchers to explore how changes in protein levels influence diseases and develop personalized treatments.
Scientists create comprehensive map of protein locations within human cells
Researchers have developed a method that precisely defines the locations of proteins within cells, revealing their relationships with one another. The team created a high-resolution map that organizes proteins according to their compartmentalization, providing crucial insights into cellular organization and response to infections.
Research reveals unique features of brain cells linked to neurodevelopmental conditions
A recent study has identified distinct features in two types of brain cells, intratelencephalic (IT) neurons and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons, which may affect their vulnerability to neurodevelopmental conditions. The research highlights the importance of understanding how these brain cells exchange information through their synapses.
Molecular gardening: New enzymes discovered for protein modification pruning
Researchers have identified two new deubiquitinases, USP53 and USP54, which play a crucial role in removing polyubiquitin tags from proteins. This study suggests that mutations in the USP53 gene are associated with paediatric cholestasis, highlighting the potential for targeted treatment.
Petricoin receives funding for breast cancer study
Researchers are analyzing RNA and DNA amplification in breast cancer cases to identify potential biomarkers. Funding will support the study from September 2024 to March 2025.
Analysis of retinal proteins identifies new drug targets for treating inherited retinal degenerations
Researchers have identified shared critical pathways in retinitis pigmentosa disease models using advanced proteomics techniques. This study suggests that disease-modifying treatments could benefit patients with all forms of the disease, regardless of the underlying mutation.
Study: Proteins in tooth enamel offer window into human wellness
The study found a close correspondence between high levels of stress and disease in Indigenous populations and elevated immunoglobulins and C-reactive protein in their teeth. This new method provides a record of a person's health status from birth to early adulthood, offering valuable insights into past human experiences.
New study increases understanding of HIV drug’s negative effects on the brain
A new study in ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science investigates the molecular mechanisms behind Efavirenz's negative effects on brain function. The research reveals that the drug alters lipid metabolism and downregulates certain enzymes, which could lead to the development of new drugs to block its negative activity.
New research shows how oral cancer cells avoid immune system
Researchers at Macquarie University discovered that oral cancer cells use protein interactions to block the immune response, offering new clues for treatment. The study found that a protein called STAT3 and its partner proteins may be involved in pathways that help cancer avoid the immune system.
Advances in the clinical application of high-throughput proteomics
Recent advancements in high-throughput proteomics have unveiled new insights into protein involvement in various cancers. The review explores four key techniques, including mass spectrometry and next-generation tissue microarrays, highlighting their strengths and limitations for large-scale molecular analyses.
Decoding the language of cells with the power of proteomics
Researchers have developed user-friendly tools to analyze spatial proteomics data, enabling biologists to understand how cells communicate with each other. The study sheds light on cellular mechanisms behind synaptic partner matching and immune system coordination, paving the way for new discoveries in biology.
Fungal infection: A protein weakens the immune system
A study by researchers from Brazil and Germany found that a surface protein on Aspergillus fumigatus spores suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory substances by immune cells, making it easier for the fungus to infect the body. The enzyme glycosylasparaginase plays a crucial role in this process.
New way to potentially slow cancer growth
A team of chemists at Scripps Research has mapped over 300 small molecule-reactive cancer proteins and their binding sites, revealing key protein targets that can be disrupted with certain chemical compounds to halt cancer cell growth. The findings have the potential to lead to more effective and precise cancer treatments.
Targeting human coatomer subunit zeta-1 by a marine natural product derivative represents a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit enterovirus A71 replication
A marine natural product derivative, MPA-CF3, targets host factor COPZ1 to inhibit enterovirus A71 replication. The study demonstrates a concentration-dependent inhibition of EV-A71 replication and suggests a unique antiviral mechanism of action.