Articles tagged with Medical Diagnosis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new global guideline has been published to manage fungal infections caused by Candida, affecting millions worldwide annually. The guideline establishes standards for prevention, diagnosis, and innovative treatment approaches.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified a rare genetic diagnosis in a child with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a severe form of epilepsy and developmental delay. The study reports a highly complex rearrangement of chromosomes 3 and 5, leading to a rare condition known as 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome.
A new retrospective study found that nearly half of patients with fever of unknown origin in sub-Saharan Africa had a detectable pathogen, including bacterial strains and hemorrhagic fever viruses. The study highlights the need for strengthened laboratory capacity to improve diagnosis and treatment.
A groundbreaking study analyzed data from over 78,000 cancer patients to identify nearly 800 genetic changes impacting survival outcomes. The research also discovered genes significantly associated with survival in various cancers, such as breast, ovarian, skin, and gastrointestinal cancers.
A team of researchers developed a smart insole system that accurately measures body interaction with the ground, estimating ground reaction forces. The TG0 Smart Insole outperformed traditional methods with an error rate as low as 4.16%, offering a reliable and affordable solution for monitoring movement in real-world scenarios.
A cohort study found ADHD symptoms among US youths increased risk of nicotine and tobacco use. Early ADHD diagnosis and effective treatment may help alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of nicotine and tobacco use.
Adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight face triple the risk of self-harm compared to those who do not, regardless of objective weight. The study also highlights the critical role of schools and communities in creating supportive environments.
A study of older adults found that decline in body mass index, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) occurred up to a decade before dementia diagnosis. These cardiometabolic changes may provide insights into the potential for early monitoring and intervention.
A team led by Prof. Woo Young Jang developed a novel fluorescent probe to visualize cancer stem cells in complex samples, offering a new direction for cancer diagnostic imaging. This technology has significant implications for diagnosing and monitoring sarcomas.
A novel lab-on-chip platform uses acoustofluidics to efficiently separate rare circulating tumor cells, enabling real-time diagnosis. The system's precision and energy efficiency hold promise for improved cancer diagnostics and personalized medicine.
Researchers identified regional differences in how ICD codes were applied, with some codes being used interchangeably for different conditions. The study highlights the need to address variation in physician coding practices to ensure accurate comparisons and avoid false conclusions.
A cognitive science professor at UC Merced proposes a suite of video games to accelerate cancer research using artificial intelligence and gamified citizen science. The 'Cancer Wars' initiative aims to harness the collective problem-solving power of millions of gamers to tackle complex scientific problems.
A Swedish study found that topical steroid withdrawal (TSW) is characterized by symptoms such as redness, pain, and itching, often accompanied by sleep problems. The study aimed to understand the phenomenon of TSW, which many patients consider a cortisone dependence.
A University of Michigan study finds that 85% of Mexican Americans with dementia are unaware of their diagnosis, surpassing the overall rate for US Hispanics and Latinos. The lack of awareness is attributed to physicians' reluctance to diagnose dementia due to cultural and communication barriers.
A nationwide cohort study in Korea found that postdiagnosis weight gain is associated with an increased risk of heart failure after breast cancer development. Effective weight intervention can protect cardiovascular health, particularly within the first few years after diagnosis.
A new study found that only 11% of children and young people received a clinical diagnosis of an emotional disorder from CAMHS. Only 44% had their referral accepted, highlighting delays in receiving help.
A recent study has explored a new imaging approach that uses swept-source optical coherence tomography to visualize the upper airway with high precision. By integrating computational fluid dynamics, researchers were able to identify areas of turbulence and pinpoint obstruction sites, leading to more accurate diagnoses and treatment pla...
The study found that COVID-19-related disruptions led to frequent delays in investigations or treatments for children with brain tumors. Caregivers reported feeling traumatized by their experiences, including lack of access to healthcare facilities and social situations, which made it harder to evaluate their concerns.
A new study published in Nature Medicine shows that AI-based models can accurately identify ovarian cancer in ultrasound images, achieving an accuracy rate of 86.3%. The models also reduce the need for expert referrals and misdiagnosis rates by 63% and 18%, respectively.
The January issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry explores the use of psychedelic medications in psychiatry, addressing basic pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and public health considerations. The series of articles aims to provide sufficient evidence for therapeutic strategies utilizing psychedelic drugs.
A study from the University of Gothenburg found that digital healthcare consultations are not reliable enough to assess tonsillitis due to limitations in criteria such as tonsil inspection and lymph node examination. Physical examinations remain crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
A cohort study found COVID-19 accelerates kidney function decline, particularly in hospitalized patients. Early monitoring and optimized management of chronic kidney disease can help prevent complications.
A study by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications aims to create personalized nutrition plans based on an individual's unique gut microbiome. The researchers used Illinois Computes to analyze metabolomic data and develop a database of metabolites that can help diagnose diseases more efficiently.
A longitudinal cohort study found that state cannabis legalization is associated with increased cannabis use disorder and poisoning diagnoses. Communities with increased access to cannabis may experience increased healthcare use and costs due to these rising diagnoses.
A research team at Seoul National University developed a hypersensitive, flexible strain sensor that can detect infinitesimal strains as small as 10−5. The sensor, with meta-structured cracks, enables real-time blood flow monitoring for early stroke diagnosis and cerebrovascular disease detection.
A McGill University-led study found patterns between triggers and symptoms of anaphylaxis, revealing a strong link between tree nuts and throat tightness. The research also suggests that drinking alcohol may increase the risk of severe reactions to nut allergies.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Wyss Institute receive grant to expand diagnostic biomarker search, shedding light on asthma's unexplained causes. The team aims to develop a test distinguishing different forms of asthma, improving treatment courses.
Women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ reported similar experiences undergoing active monitoring versus guideline-concordant care. The study found that both approaches had comparable lived experiences during the 2-year follow-up period.
The new guidelines provide 145 recommendations on symptoms, diagnosis, causation, sequelae, and treatment of POI. They emphasize personalized hormone therapy, prompt institution, and continuation until the usual age of menopause to prevent chronic disease and improve patient outcomes.
The American Heart Association has launched a new three-year initiative to standardize HCM systems of care and support better management of the disease. The initiative aims to overcome gaps in care for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, leading to delayed treatment, increased risk of complications, and preventable death.
A retrospective medical record review study found rules-based e-triggers useful for detecting missed opportunities in diagnosis. Interventions are needed to target work system factors and support patient-clinician encounters.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have created a DNA-made nanorobot called NanoGripper that can pick up COVID-19 viruses for rapid detection and block viral particles from entering cells. The device also has potential applications in cancer treatment and preventive medicine.
A cohort study found that long-term exposure to wildfire and fine particulate matter was associated with dementia diagnoses. The study suggests that reducing wildfire PM2.5 exposure could decrease dementia diagnoses and address health disparities.
A cross-sectional study found significant increases in postpartum depression diagnosis among all racial and ethnic groups and body mass index categories over the past decade. The persistently high rates underscore the need for preventative interventions to mitigate PPD's impact on maternal and child health.
A new study published in Academic Emergency Medicine evaluates the use of a cranial accelerometry device to detect large-vessel occlusion strokes in prehospital settings. The research demonstrates that obtaining adequate recordings with this device is highly feasible, marking an important step forward in stroke management.
A multidisciplinary team of MSU researchers has pioneered a way to detect diseases sooner using biomarkers in plasma, enabling faster treatment and better patient outcomes. Their new method reduces masking effects of highly abundant proteins, allowing for more precise and earlier detection of diseases.
A Japanese study of over 97,000 1-3-year-olds found a possible link between maternal prenatal psychological distress and increased epilepsy diagnosis rates in their offspring. The research suggests that continuous stress during pregnancy may be a contributing factor to the development of epilepsy in young children.
Researchers have developed a highly sensitive and foldable detector that produces good quality images with smaller dosages of X-rays. The new technology reduces detection limits and paves the way for safer medical imaging and industrial monitoring.
Researchers have developed ultrasensitive sensors that can detect isoprene levels in the parts-per-billion range, a decline of which can indicate lung cancer. The sensors, made with indium oxide-based nanoflakes, showed promise in distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy individuals.
A new study has found that Canadian women who did not identify as White have an earlier peak age of breast cancer diagnosis and higher proportions of cases diagnosed under age 50. They also experience an earlier peak age of death, with a 7-year gap in mortality rates compared to their White counterparts.
JAMA launches a new series, Translational Science Reviews, providing concise summaries of important basic science discoveries transforming disease diagnosis and treatment. These reviews aim to keep clinicians informed about ongoing scientific advancements.
Researchers have developed a new protocol to exclusively access and quantify proteins carried by extracellular vesicles in the blood. This breakthrough may lead to early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and other brain disorders, providing treatment opportunities before symptoms appear.
Researchers have developed a new batteryless and wireless sensor that can detect impending biliary stent obstructions without waiting for clinical symptoms, blood tests or imaging tests. The sensor is 8 millimeters long and has a signal-to-noise ratio of a million to one during testing.
This prospective cohort study found that evidence-based smoking cessation treatment within 6 months of a cancer diagnosis significantly improves survival outcomes. Smoking cessation is an essential early clinical intervention for patients with cancer, supporting the maximization of survival benefits.
Researchers found that Black patients are less likely to receive medical tests, leading to inaccurate AI models. A new algorithm corrects for this bias by identifying untested patients based on race and vital signs, improving model accuracy to around 60%.
A study of 50 U.S.-licensed physicians found that GPT-4 did not significantly improve clinical reasoning compared to conventional resources. The integration of GPT-4 as a diagnostic aid alongside clinicians showed promising results but required further exploration to understand its potential benefits.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new system that increases the measurement rate of Raman spectroscopy, a technique used to identify molecules. This improvement enables faster identification of molecules and cells, with applications in biomedical diagnostics and material analytics.
The UCLA Urology department has been awarded $6 million to continue the IMPACT program, providing comprehensive prostate cancer treatment for underinsured and uninsured Californians. The program has helped over 2,300 men receive treatment services since its inception.
A new study from the A.J. Drexel Autism Institute has released findings that underscore critical challenges and opportunities in transitioning autistic youth into adulthood. The research emphasizes the need for improved services and supports, as well as the importance of prioritizing autistic perspectives and cultural considerations.
A new study found that people with severe mental illness are more likely to experience fragility fractures than the general population. The researchers analyzed GP records of over 440,000 people between 2000 and 2018 and found a significant association between severe mental illness and fragility fractures.
Researchers used fluorescein angiography to visualize neural blood flow in rats and rabbits with chronic nerve compression neuropathy, correlating findings with electrodiagnostic testing. The study showed promising results for the method's potential to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes in carpal tunnel surgery.
The researchers combined an NV diamond with a laser diode in an optical resonator, successfully demonstrating the sensor system with two active media. This breakthrough enables high-contrast sensors to measure biomagnetic signals from the brain or heart with improved sensitivity and dynamic range.
A crossover randomized clinical trial found that using lap or side positions for blood pressure readings leads to substantial overestimation. This misdiagnosis could have serious consequences, particularly for patients with hypertension.
Researchers developed a microchip that captures exosomes from blood plasma to identify signs of lung cancer, achieving 10x faster detection and 14x greater sensitivity. The chip uses twisted gold nanoparticles to distinguish between healthy patients and those with lung cancer.
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University found that ChatGPT's diagnostic performance for brain tumors was comparable to that of neuroradiologists, with an accuracy rate of 73%. The model's performance varied depending on the type of clinical report written, with higher accuracy when using reports from neuroradiologist writers.
A large study found that women with premature ovarian insufficiency are 2.6 times more likely to have an autoimmune disorder, with some conditions increasing the risk by 26 times. The study suggests a strong link between POI and severe autoimmune diseases, highlighting the need for medical professionals to be aware of this increased risk.
The American Heart Association joins a $10 million grant from the Global Cardiovascular Research Funders Forum for international scientific research on cardiovascular health in women. The International Research Challenge aims to address significant gaps in research, diagnosis, and care for women worldwide.
A new wearable sensor detects wheezing in children with high accuracy, overcoming humidity and temperature limitations. The integration of carbon nanotubes into electrospun polyacrylonitrile scaffolds enables accurate exhaled gas detection.
A survey of UK general practitioners reveals that 20% of doctors use generative AI tools like ChatGPT in their practice. The study highlights the potential benefits of AI in reducing administrative burdens and supporting clinical decision-making, but also raises concerns about errors, biases, and patient privacy.
Researchers found that cancer survivors with overweight or obesity are more likely to develop a second cancer, especially obesity-related ones. This study highlights the importance of promoting weight management and increasing awareness of second cancers among physicians and cancer patients.