Articles tagged with Thyroid Gland
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Researchers detected a high rate of thyroid cancer in young individuals from Fukushima Prefecture after the 2011 nuclear accident. However, no clear evidence suggests an increased incidence of thyroid carcinomas following the accident, contrasting with Chernobyl's findings.
A review article reveals that thyroid hormones and biochemical pathways drive seasonal reproduction in some mammals. The study suggests that increased triiodothyronine (T3) levels regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in a seasonal fashion.
Research suggests that women with unexplained infertility have higher levels of a hormone stimulating the thyroid gland, negatively impacting their ability to conceive. The study found nearly twice as many women with unexplained infertility had elevated TSH levels compared to those with known infertility causes.
A 10-year study of over 1,200 patients with low-risk PMC of the thyroid found that close monitoring is an acceptable first-line approach, reducing unnecessary surgery. The study showed that only 8% of patients experienced tumor growth or new metastasis, and older patients were least likely to grow.
A study of 600 Chinese women found no improvement in pregnancy and live-birth rates among those treated with levothyroxine for infertility due to thyroid autoantibodies. The results contradict previous studies suggesting potential benefits.
A team of surgeons at Mount Sinai Hospital performed the first robot-assisted radical neck dissection in the US using the bilateral axillo-breast approach. The surgery successfully removed 59 lymph nodes from a patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer, showcasing the technique's potential for minimally invasive procedures.
A study found that pregnant women exposed to high levels of perchlorate, a common environmental pollutant, had lower levels of thyroxine (T4), a thyroid hormone essential for normal foetal brain development. This suggests that exposure to this chemical may lead to potential neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children.
A study on chicken embryos reveals that thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 plays a vital role in brain development. The research found that MCT8-deficient cells failed to migrate and proliferate, leading to disrupted brain formation. This suggests that brain lesions associated with a rare neurological disorder may originate before birth.
Research finds individuals with higher thyroid hormone levels, even within normal range, are more likely to develop irregular heartbeat. The study analyzed data from 30,085 individuals and found a significant increase in risk associated with moderate increases in FT4 levels.
Frailty increases odds of serious complications after outpatient operations like hernia and breast surgery. Patients with 2-3 frailty traits have more than twice the risk of serious complications compared to those with fewer traits.
Scientists have discovered the key trigger molecule that helps mature red blood cells. By removing a hydrophobic molecule from serum using charcoal filters, researchers found that adding back just thyroid hormone triggers red blood cell maturation.
A study found that hemodialysis patients with hypothyroidism exhibit impairments in health-related quality of life, including physical function and pain. The findings suggest a potential link between thyroid hormone levels and patient outcomes.
Early childhood exposure to specific phthalates was associated with depressed thyroid function in girls at age 3. Lower levels of active thyroid hormone free thyroxin (FT4) were linked to metabolites of certain phthalate chemicals.
Researchers identified VEGF-A as a key player in thyroid-vascular coordination, producing excess hormones and dense capillaries in hyperthyroidism. Blocking VEGFR2 could inhibit thyroid enlargement and remodeling.
A large population-based study found that 6.5% of thyroid cancer patients experienced general post-operative complications, while 12% had complications specific to thyroid surgery within a year after their operation. Patients over 65 and those with more advanced thyroid cancer were at higher risk for these complications.
New research finds that suppressing thyroid hormone receptor activity locally in the retina protects cone photoreceptor cells, slowing cell death and prolonging their life span. The study suggests a therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degeneration using topical medications or eyedrops.
Researchers found that activating or deactivating a hormone in roundworms stimulates or stunts growth, mirroring human TRH regulation. This discovery offers new possibilities for research into human growth mechanisms.
Patients undergoing bariatric surgery who have higher levels of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) lose significantly more excess weight than those with normal T3 levels. This finding underscores the potential for thyroid hormone treatment after bariatric surgery.
Research published in ENDO 2017 found that patients with more severe heart failure are associated with higher TSH and T4 levels, lower T3 levels, and increased risk of needing mechanical assistance or death. Subclinical hypothyroidism is also linked to worse survival outcomes.
A study by the Endocrine Society found that higher exposure to certain flame retardants may be associated with an increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer. The researchers collected dust samples from homes and analyzed participants' blood samples to assess long-term exposure to these environmental chemicals.
A large national study suggests that treating pregnant women for mildly low thyroid function does not improve the IQs of their babies or reduce preterm births. The results, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, found no benefit in treating the women during their pregnancies.
Thyroid hormones are essential for brain cell development and signalling, but impaired transporters can lead to severe mental retardation. Researchers found that a genetic mutation deactivates an important transporter, MCT8, in patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have discovered an efficient way to generate thyroid cells using genetically modified embryonic stem cells. The findings, published in Stem Cell Reports, are the first step towards developing a protocol using human stem cells to model thyroid disease and develop therapies.
A new study found that low thyroid hormone levels before birth impair the growth and development of the fetal pancreas, affecting insulin-secreting cells. This could lead to increased risk of pancreatic disorders and type 2 diabetes in later life.
A study published in The BMJ found that hormone treatment among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss, but an increased risk of preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, and pre-eclampsia. Women treated with thyroid hormone had a lower risk of pregnancy loss compared to untreated...
New international guidelines aim to improve healthcare for nearly 300,000 pregnant women with thyroid disease each year. The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and management of thyroid illness during pregnancy.
A team of surgeons at Mount Sinai Beth Israel has performed the first endoscopic transoral thyroidectomy in New York, removing the thyroid gland through three small incisions inside the mouth. The minimally-invasive procedure preserves critical structures and leaves a hidden scar.
A recent study suggests that treating mild hypothyroidism in pregnant women with levothyroxine may lower the risk of low-weight babies and early caesarean sections. However, there was no significant difference in other obstetric outcomes between treated and untreated groups.
Researchers created a new iPS-cell model to study spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, finding that mature Purkinje cells with the SCA6 mutation become vulnerable when deprived of thyroid hormone. The team discovered compounds that can suppress this vulnerability and prevent cell death.
For patients with suspicious papillary thyroid cancer, lobectomy is associated with better outcomes and lower costs compared to total thyroidectomy. The study used a Markov model to determine the effectiveness of each procedure in terms of quality-adjusted life years.
Research conducted by Rush University Medical Center found that patients with hypothyroidism who have normal TSH levels are more likely to take antidepressants, be less physically active, and exhibit lower energy levels. These findings indicate that persistent symptoms may not be solely in the patient's head.
Thyroid disorders in children can be diagnosed and treated early with regular screening and communication between primary care physicians and specialists. The article highlights the importance of understanding risk factors, clinical signs, and symptoms to optimize outcomes for patients with these conditions.
The new Guidelines, published in Thyroid Journal, offer a detailed framework for the diagnosis and management of patients with different etiologies of thyrotoxicosis. The guidelines integrate recent studies and developments in practice trends, providing a comprehensive set of recommendations.
Researchers found a significant number of thyroid tumors carry a mutation in the EZH1 gene, leading to increased cell proliferation. The 'two-hit model' suggests that the first mutation increases tumor disposition and the second triggers disease progression.
A University of Sydney study found that infants with moderately high thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations have a higher risk of poor educational and development outcomes. Infants with TSH levels below the screening cut-off but in the top quartile have an increased likelihood of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes at school age.
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health finds that exposure to common flame retardant chemicals may increase the risk of thyroid disease in women, particularly post-menopausal women. Women with higher levels of these chemicals in their blood are more likely to develop thyroid problems.
Researchers found that male Barbary macaques' metabolic rate increases dramatically during mating season, allowing them to allocate more energy for reproduction and competition. The study suggests that this adaptation may be an echo of a vital physiological mechanism in humans.
A study of nearly 8,500 people found that low thyroid function increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes by 13%, with a higher risk for those already with prediabetes. Screening for thyroid function may be beneficial in individuals at risk of developing diabetes.
The Endocrine Society recommends against using compounded hormone medications, citing potential risks and side effects. FDA-approved treatments are considered safer and more effective for treating hormone disorders.
A new study from Duke Health reveals that patients undergoing thyroidectomy should seek surgeons who perform at least 25 operations annually to minimize risks. The study analyzed data from over 16,000 patients and found an association between surgeon case volume and complication rates.
Research reveals significant disparities in treatment outcomes for thyroid goiters among older, minority, and male patients. These patients are more likely to develop large, difficult-to-remove goiters that increase the risk of complications and death.
A multicenter study found that treatment of pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during the first half of pregnancy does not improve cognitive outcomes in children up to five years old. The results suggest routine thyroid screening is not warranted.
The new guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for the evaluation, treatment, and surveillance of patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. The updated guidelines integrate new information and advances in the field, but also highlight areas that need further investigation and refinements.
A recent study published in the journal Surgery found that outpatient thyroid surgery is safe for even the elderly and super-elderly, thanks to a standardized treatment approach. The study showed that while older patients have more comorbid conditions, complication rates held steady at 5-6 percent across all groups.
Thyroid disease affects about 12% of the US population, with an overactive or underactive thyroid causing problems like weight gain or loss and mood changes. Researchers have now identified a common thread among autoantibodies and receptor mutations that trigger abnormal hormone production.
A new study discovered that patient-derived human cells can be used to regenerate thyroid function in patients with cancer who have had their thyroids surgically removed. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a cell-based regenerative therapy to treat thyroid diseases.
Takashi Yoshimura, a professor at Nagoya University, has made outstanding contributions to thyroid hormone research. His discoveries on seasonal reproduction in birds, mammals, and fish are expected to advance human reproductive health and mood disorders related to seasonal changes.
The new guidelines focus on initial evaluation, biopsy criteria, molecular marker studies, risk assessment, and cancer screening for patients with thyroid nodules. For differentiated thyroid cancer, the guidelines emphasize screening, staging, and surveillance strategies, as well as long-term management and treatment options.
A new animal study published in the American Journal of Physiology found that a low dose of thyroid hormone improved cardiac tissue and function in female rats with high blood pressure. The treatment safely restored normal thyroid hormone levels and prevented scar tissue accumulation, leading to overall improvement in heart function.
A new study has identified a minimum surgeon volume threshold of 25 cases per year associated with improved patient outcomes for total thyroidectomy. High-volume surgeons had significantly lower complication rates, with only a 4.2% chance of experiencing complications compared to 6.4% for low-volume surgeons.
Researchers are investigating the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on child behavior, memory, and learning. The four-year study aims to close a gap in research by examining thyroid hormone levels and their association with chemical exposure during pregnancy, infancy, or childhood.
A new study reveals that giant pandas have evolved underactive thyroid glands and other energy-saving traits to afford a bamboo diet, with daily energy expenditure 38% of average for terrestrial mammals. This allows them to thrive on low-nutrient plants despite not having stomachs designed for such food.
A large analysis found that subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk of hip and other fractures, including spine. The study pooled data from over 70,000 participants and found no association between subclinical hypothyroidism and fractures.
The new guidelines provide a broader scope of therapeutic options for pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, aiming to limit aggressive therapy when it's unlikely to offer benefit. The guidelines specifically address the differences in biological behavior and management of these entities in children.
The updated guidelines offer a state-of-the-art basis for clinical care of patients with MTC, highlighting areas in need of further investigation. The revised recommendations aim to improve overall survival for these patients by developing more effective drugs or combinations of drugs.
A new study by Mass Eye and Ear surgeons found that professional singers experience no impairment in their voices after thyroid surgery using a neural monitoring system. The research showed 100% return to performance rate and mean time to performance was 2.26 months, with vocal fatigue being the most affected parameter.
The US Preventive Services Task Force finds that routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in nonpregnant, asymptomatic adults lacks sufficient evidence. In contrast, the American Diabetes Association recommends individualized treatment plans for patients with diabetes, taking into account factors like age, comorbid conditions, and car...
A new study found that high maternal thyroid hormone levels during early pregnancy can significantly lower a child's IQ later in childhood. Researchers evaluated data from 3,839 mother-child pairs and discovered a U-shaped relationship between TSH levels and child IQ, with both low and high levels associated with lower IQ scores.
A study of 992 patients with asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules found that most exhibited no significant growth over a 5-year period, and diagnoses of thyroid cancer were rare. The study suggests that current guidelines for follow-up may be overly aggressive and that individualized surveillance strategies could be more efficient.
Research links water fluoridation above 0.7 mg/l to a 30% higher than expected rate of underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) in England. Researchers suggest switching to non-fluoride-based interventions to protect tooth health.