Articles tagged with Metabolites
Researchers found that gut bacteria-derived polyamines, including putrescine and spermidine, contribute to extended lifespan in fruit flies. The study used genetically engineered E. coli to investigate the specific contribution of polyamines to host lifespan, revealing a sex-dependent effect with males living longer than females.
Fungi can metabolize spruce defense compounds and attach a ribose sugar to reduce toxicity, allowing them to overcome chemical defenses and promote the growth of other fungi associated with bark beetles. The discovery provides a crucial survival advantage to the fungus and holds the key to successful bark beetle colonization.
A KAIST research team found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) preserves T cells' function and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy for intractable brain tumors. ATRA suppresses 'terminal exhaustion' in cancer-attacking CD8⁺ T cells, allowing them to maintain their ability to kill brain tumor cells.
Researchers found that meal timing programs the liver's daily rhythms and can have serious metabolic and health consequences when out of sync. The liver uses food signals to activate metabolic pathways, which can conflict with the body's natural circadian clock, leading to health issues.
A new international review standardizes selenosugar nomenclature and selenium metabolism, providing a harmonized operational framework for researchers. The proposed system offers concise and intuitive names, minimizing ambiguity and promoting accurate detection and identification of selenosugars.
Researchers at UC Davis identified a naturally occurring metabolite, 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA), that repairs gut damage caused by HIV infection. Combining 10-HSA with standard antiretroviral therapy improved viral suppression and helped rebuild gut immune defenses in animal models of AIDS.
Researchers developed a method to analyze compounds pulled in cupping jars, detecting changes in 13 volatile compounds before and after treatment. These findings suggest that cupping therapy may have measurable physiological effects, which can be studied with modern analytical techniques.
Scientists discovered a natural microbial compound that protects the gut and supports future treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. UroA activates a protective pathway in intestinal epithelial cells, triggering the release of molecules associated with maintaining normal intestinal function and repairing the gut lining.
Research explores role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating dendritic cell development and differentiation via epigenetic regulation. Study reveals butyrate increases expression of surface molecules, influencing immune-cell trafficking and localization.
Researchers investigated the interplay between host and gut microbiota in selenium metabolism, finding that gut microbiota transform selenium into metabolites influencing utilization, detoxification, and excretion. The study also revealed that Se intake affects bacterial diversity and that gut microbes produce unique selenometabolites.
Researchers identified individuals at higher risk of developing dementia and those who will develop the disease at a younger age by combining measures of biological ageing and genetic risk. Those with advanced biological ageing and high genetic risk were up to ten times more likely to develop dementia.
Researchers at Linköping University developed a digital twin model to predict alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. The tool uses data from exhaled breath, blood, and urine samples to generate individualised results, providing a more accurate picture of when a person last drank.
A team of researchers, led by Bistra Iordanova and Liang Zhan, are developing multiscale models of brain metabolism to predict cognitive decline and dementia. They will analyze data from brain imaging, blood flow, and neural activity to identify metabolic changes that affect brain function in aging.
Research systematically maps how bacterial metabolites influence disease progression and immune cell functions, highlighting their dual effects on the body. The review emphasizes the need for holistic regulation of metabolite profiles to achieve precision interventions.
Researchers at Arc Institute and Stanford University found that ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate strengthens CAR T cell fitness and antitumor activity. BHB supplementation improves CAR T cell expansion and tumor killing in mice, mirroring the effects of a ketogenic diet.
A comprehensive multi-omics study reveals how genome evolution, specialized metabolites, and microscopic leaf structures jointly determine the quality of Xiangru, a traditional medicinal and edible herb. The study identifies key biosynthetic genes and transcription factors that regulate aroma-producing compounds and trichome formation.
Researchers created an automated method to quickly analyze the metabolic effects of natural products, such as kratom, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and molecular network mapping. This breakthrough provides a detailed view of how chemicals are reshaped by human metabolism, marking a major step in natural products research.
Researchers used single-nucleus RNA sequencing and metabolomics to map tea leaf development, identifying distinct cell types and dynamic shifts in phytohormones and flavonoids. The study reveals how key genes coordinate leaf expansion and flavonoid biosynthesis, offering a cellular-level framework for understanding tea flavor and quality.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed an AI model that can accurately determine the time of death from blood samples, providing crucial information in murder investigations and police work. The method uses metabolites to analyze changes in small molecules over time, outperforming current methods.
Researchers have discovered that endophytic bacteria can coexist with plant cells without harming them, triggering the production of previously unattainable compounds. This method has the potential to expand the diversity of obtainable plant-derived compounds for various industries.
Researchers have identified a new method to predict asthma exacerbations with a high degree of accuracy, analyzing data from three large asthma cohorts. The study found that the ratio between sphingolipids and steroids was the most powerful predictor of future health.
Research identifies Luohan Guo's terpenoids, flavonoids, and amino acids as key compounds affecting health. The study's findings provide insights into the potential antioxidant mechanisms of monkfruit's active ingredients.
Researchers at Northwestern University and Stanford University develop a new artificial metabolism that converts waste carbon dioxide into acetyl-CoA, a universal metabolite used by all living cells. The system, called Reductive Formate Pathway (ReForm), uses engineered enzymes to perform metabolic reactions never seen in nature.
Researchers discovered metabolites in fossilized bones of animals that lived 1.3 to 3 million years ago, providing insights into their health, diets, and environments. The findings revealed warmer and wetter conditions compared to today.
Researchers identified a group of metabolites produced in the intestine that travel to the liver and heart, influencing metabolic pathways and insulin sensitivity. The study found that environmental factors can regulate these metabolites, which play a crucial role in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The final set of data on nearly 250 metabolites has been released by UK Biobank, helping researchers predict disease risk and drive treatment strategies for neurological conditions, heart disease, and cancer. The data will also aid in understanding the biological processes that genetic or protein data alone might miss.
A metabolomics study found galangin accelerates yeast sedimentation and promotes premature flocculation in beer fermentation. Researchers identified galangin as a key promoter of yeast aggregation and propose strategies to improve fermentation control.
Microbial metabolites from the gut microbiome influence gene expression, cellular function, and host health. The MDME axis proposes a unified theoretical framework explaining this complex dialogue.
A new study from Texas Biomedical Research Institute found that low-dose THC significantly reduced side effects and inflammation caused by HIV and antiretroviral therapy. The treatment also increased serotonin levels, lowered cholesterol and toxic bile acids, and improved cardiovascular health.
A large study in pet dogs has uncovered molecular clues that could shed light on how aging unfolds in pets and people alike. The researchers found that a type of metabolite called post-translationally modified amino acids (ptmAAs) appeared strongly linked with aging across dogs of all breeds, sizes, and sexes.
Scientists found that CtBP2 levels decrease with age, but are higher in long-lived individuals. This biomarker may estimate the degree of aging and overall health status.
Researchers transform corn stover into microbial lipids using alkaline storage, gentle steam, and squeeze detoxification. The process delivers high sugar recovery and lipid content, reducing water demand by one-third compared to conventional methods.
Dr. Amin's transformative insights reshape international understanding of depression genetics, identifying novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Her systemic disease model challenges traditional views of depression as a brain disorder.
A new study published in Agricultural Ecology and Environment found that the rhizosphere, surrounding plant roots, is a hotspot for manure-derived antibiotic resistance genes. Crop root chemistry plays a crucial role in how these genes are transferred to plants, with leafy vegetables accumulating more ARGs than fruit-bearing crops.
Research links oral bacteria to Parkinson's disease via the gut-brain axis, finding Streptococcus mutans produces metabolite imidazole propionate that contributes to disease progression. Targeting the oral-gut microbiome may offer a new therapeutic approach for Parkinson's treatment.
A new study reveals cancer cells can convert a ketone into acetyl-CoA through an alternative pathway, reshaping the relationship between diet and cancer. This finding suggests that glucose may not always be the primary nutrient source for cells, adding to the complex understanding of cellular metabolism.
Researchers have discovered that gut bacteria can recognize diverse chemical signals, including those from nutrients, DNA, and other metabolites. This allows them to detect and respond to nutritional values, suggesting that finding sources of nutrients is a primary function of motility in these bacteria.
Researchers discovered that smoking produces metabolites that encourage mouth bacteria to grow in the large intestines, triggering an immune response. These bacteria, specifically Streptococcus mitis, help reduce inflammation in ulcerative colitis by triggering a specific immune response.
Researchers identified bile acid metabolites as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were found to distinguish DILI patients from healthy individuals, exhibiting predictive potential for chronicity.
The article discusses how intratumoral microbial metabolites modulate immune cell function, influencing cancer immunotherapy outcomes. The review examines the impact of glucose, amino acids, lipid, and other metabolites on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy efficacy.
A study found that early antibiotics exposure can impair infant immune systems, disrupting lung immunity and making them vulnerable to respiratory infections. Supplementing with a naturally occurring metabolite called inosine may help restore their ability to fight such infections.
A new study from the University of Pittsburgh shows exercise improves cancer outcomes and enhances response to immunotherapy in mice by reshaping the gut microbiome. The research found that a specific compound called formate, produced by gut bacteria in exercised mice, was associated with better outcomes in patients with melanoma.
A study in mice found that pesticide exposure changes specific gut bacteria growth patterns and nutrient processing, hinting at a probiotic approach to preventing health effects. The research identified certain microbes that can degrade pesticides and may lead to therapeutic strategies.
Researchers identified biomarkers like uric acid and bile acids as critical regulators of arterial stiffness and inflammation in adolescents with obesity. These findings provide new avenues for early intervention to prevent the progression of vascular stiffness and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers identified poly-metabolite scores in blood and urine associated with ultra-processed food consumption, providing an objective measure of UPF intake. The study found hundreds of metabolites linked to energy from UPFs, enabling the creation of a score predictive of diet quality.
Research finds high levels of phthalates in mothers' urine associated with shorter anogenital distances in 3-year-old boys and girls, a marker of reproductive health and hormone disruption. The study emphasizes the need for preventive measures to protect vulnerable groups from endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
A systematic review found that higher flavonoid intakes from foods like black tea, berries, and citrus fruits are linked to a lower risk of frailty, impaired physical function, and poor mental health in older adults. Consuming more flavonoids may support healthier aging by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Researchers analyzed metabolites in blood plasma to evaluate dietary patterns, revealing promising data on the foods we eat. The study found that specific metabolites changed significantly with the portfolio diet, providing potential biomarkers for assessing adherence to similar dietary patterns.
This study found that intestinal depletion of TM6SF2 exacerbates high-fat diet-induced MASLD by altering the gut microbiota and liver lipid content. The absence of TM6SF2 also led to increased serum biomarkers associated with MASLD progression.
A new USC study suggests that gut imbalances in children with autism may disrupt neurotransmitter production and influence behavioral symptoms. The research connects the dots between the 'gut-brain' axis and autism, raising possibilities for new treatments.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology suggests that sauerkraut's metabolites can maintain intestinal cell integrity and support long-term gut health. The researchers found that both store-bought and lab-made sauerkraut samples protected gut function, with no noticeable difference between the two.
Scientists have developed MetaFlowTrain, a system that allows the study of metabolic exchange and interactions between microorganisms in complex environments. This innovation enables researchers to identify novel microbial exometabolites with bioactive or signalling properties.
A study published in Cell suggests that the gut microbiome can play a key role in protecting against gastrointestinal (GI) diseases by breaking down certain plant compounds. The researchers found that specific intestinal microbes release beneficial small molecules that regulate inflammation and promote resistance to pathogens, such as ...
Researchers developed a sensor platform that tracks multiple metabolites continuously, offering a window into disease onset and health status. The technology harnesses natural biochemical processes, enabling reliable detection of over 800 metabolites, with potential applications in diagnosing metabolic disorders and optimizing fitness.
Researchers discovered that PCSK9 and APOA4 are key regulators of TMAO-induced cholesterol metabolism, leading to gallstone formation. Targeting these genes may be a promising approach for preventing and treating cholelithiasis.
Researchers found that changes in gut bacteria after a stroke lead to an increase in harmful substances and a decrease in beneficial ones, potentially causing inflammation. Restoring these beneficial substances from gut bacteria could help reduce inflammation after a stroke.
A study found that adding blood metabolite data to genetic risk scores improves glaucoma prediction accuracy, particularly in individuals at high genetic risk. Higher levels of lactate, pyruvate, and citrate were associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma.
Researchers discovered that erucamide inhibits Type III Secretion injectisome assembly in Gram-negative bacteria, enhancing plant immunity and reducing disease susceptibility. Exogenous application of erucamide protects crops from bacterial diseases, offering a potential biopesticide for sustainable agriculture.
A new study from Denmark reveals that a mother's diet during pregnancy, characterized by a Western dietary pattern high in fat and sugar, may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD and autism. Researchers found that even small dietary adjustments away from this pattern could potentially reduce this risk.
The article discusses the need for bioanalytical assays to measure immune responses to oligonucleotide therapeutic drugs, especially when they include carriers or conjugates. Highly specific antibodies may enhance the development and production of ONTs, expanding studies on their safety and efficacy.