Articles tagged with Immunity
A comprehensive map of human STING reveals how different regions regulate immune signaling and how small genetic changes can alter its behavior. The study identifies both known and previously unknown regulatory sites, providing new insight into how immune signaling is regulated.
The study's findings suggest that adults can reduce their likelihood of severe COVID-19-associated outcomes by obtaining a 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccination. Receipt of the vaccine was associated with additional protection against medically attended COVID-19, including emergency department/urgent care encounters and hospitalizations.
Scientists have identified a unique chimeric RNA called UBA1-CDK16 that plays important roles in women's blood cell development and disease severity. The findings suggest the chimeric RNA may serve as a natural brake to protect women from excessive autoimmune activity.
A team of researchers has made a significant contribution to understanding human genetics by mapping the Japanese genome, revealing new insights into genetic disease shaping in the Japanese population. The study nearly doubled the complete reconstruction rate to 91.2%, enabling better personalized medicine and treatment options.
Scientists discovered a new way cells fight infection, using a method called antibody-directed xenophagy (ADX), which can digest bacteria and viruses inside infected cells. ADX is triggered by a protein called TRIM21, which flags invading pathogens for destruction.
A cohort study found that introducing immunity in US nursing homes was associated with lower overall staffing and staff-to-resident time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many states adopted immunity from tort liability for harms to nursing home residents.
Researchers developed targeted platinum-antibody conjugates that effectively enhance tumor immunogenicity and promote anti-tumor immunity. The low-dose platinum delivery strategy showed strong synergy with anti-PD-1 therapy, achieving tumor suppression superior to monotherapy or simple combination treatment.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that combining key vaccine ingredients could give the body the tools it needs to fight the entire family of arenaviruses with a single vaccine. This approach may protect against life-threatening infections from Lassa virus, Junin virus, and many other arenaviruses.
Researchers developed a flexible electrochemical sensing platform that captures dynamic small-molecule chemical signals in the gut. The platform reveals a new mechanism underlying enhanced intestinal mechanosensation under microbe-related stimulation, enabling real-time monitoring of serotonin release.
A study published in Nature Metabolism has found a crucial link between mitochondrial lipid deficiency and gut inflammation, revealing that cardiolipin plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The research suggests that targeting the metabolism of immune cells could be a new approach to treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
The article systematically summarizes forty years of discoveries in the TLR field, revealing multilayered regulatory mechanisms governing TLR signaling. Aberrant TLR signaling is closely linked to multiple human diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered that blood stem cells with aplastic anemia escape the immune system by acquiring different gene mutations independently. These mutations, such as HLA loss and CHIP gene changes, allow cells to hide from the immune system and provide long-term remission.
Researchers propose a different view on symptoms of illness, suggesting they're part of an integrated immune strategy that helps promote survival. The brain-immune axis is key to this coordinated system, influencing both brain activity and behavior in response to threats.
LRRC8A plays a multifaceted role in various diseases, including cancer, where it promotes proliferation and invasion via multiple pathways. In neurology, LRRC8A is implicated in epilepsy and ischemic stroke, while also regulating metabolic processes and immune function.
Researchers reveal that immune system's T cells travel to the prostate to provide long-term protection against infections. Harnessing these disease-fighting cells could lead to new therapies for prostate cancer and inflammatory conditions.
Research found that sleep and diet impact immune cell proportions and protein expression, with long-term late sleep onset triggering inflammation. The study's indexes reflect human immune health or chronic diseases, providing a foundation for future health assessment and management.
Researchers have discovered how a disease-causing bacterium uses a single protein to interfere with the body's defenses in multiple ways, offering a clearer picture of how infections take hold at the cellular level. This discovery highlights the importance of targeting specific interactions between bacterial proteins and human cells in...
Researchers discovered VISTA as a critical immune checkpoint that balances immune activation and inflammation resolution during kidney injury. Administering exogenous VISTA protein shows potent protection against acute kidney injury and its progression to chronic disease.
NIK kinase's non-canonical NF-κB pathway is crucial for immune development and function, while its NF-κB-independent functions regulate cellular metabolism and mitochondrial health. Dysregulation of NIK is linked to various diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target.
A new study found that uterine estrogen receptors help control early pregnancy immune response by regulating inflammation and supporting sperm survival. Without these receptors, the uterus experiences unusually high levels of inflammation, disrupting embryo implantation.
Researchers discover enzyme ANKIB1 crucial for innate immune signalling, driving type I and type III interferon induction. This finding solves a long-standing puzzle in innate immunity and provides opportunities for new therapies for devastating diseases.
A universal 'instruction manual' helps immune cells protect our organs by identifying MafB, a key genetic regulator that enables macrophages to reach full maturity and preserve organ health. This discovery sheds light on how the immune system sustainably protects multiple organs from chronic diseases.
Researchers from the University of Ottawa have developed a groundbreaking biomaterial that combines strength, adaptability, and biological compatibility for soft tissue repair. The hydrogel is made from synthetic peptides and can be precisely tailored through chemical design, making it an attractive alternative to existing biomaterials.
A study found that age, biological sex, and human genetic factors determine the quantity and specificity of antibodies produced in response to viral infections. The research has significant implications for vaccine and therapeutic design, as it shows that individual profiles can be tailored to improve treatment effectiveness.
The review outlines how vascular-immune crosstalk affects various diseases, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. It highlights the shared embryonic origin of blood vessel cells and immune cells, as well as coordinated immune cell trafficking mechanisms.
A new UCLA study clarifies the complex relationship between antibody-driven immunity, viral evolution, and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2. The research found that population-wide antibody responses exert a powerful selective pressure driving the virus to mutate and evade detection.
A study reveals that IgE⁺ plasmablasts are the key drivers of rapid, potent immune responses in seasonal allergies, triggering symptoms upon allergen re-exposure. By targeting these cells, new 'on-demand' treatment strategies may prevent or mitigate allergy relapse.
The review details the dual role of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in regulating essential antiviral responses while mitigating excessive inflammation. IRF proteins have distinct roles, with some driving interferon production and others acting as fine-tuners or negative regulators.
Research reveals molecular interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors triggers MS. EBV and gene variants HLA-DR15 haplotype play key roles in disease onset.
Researchers from Shinshu University used ribosome engineering to modify probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, resulting in increased colonization and enhanced immune stimulation. The engineered bacteria exhibit altered surface protein expression and induce higher activation of immune cells.
Researchers found that heat-inactivated Lentilactobacillus kefiri YRC2606 reduced age-related inflammation and improved immune function in mice. The strain exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by lowering levels of inflammatory cytokines and signaling proteins.
Researchers review how haplo-HSCT overcomes HLA barriers to restore immune homeostasis, with up to 30% GVHD rates reduced. Donor immune cells can be re-educated to accept recipients' bodies as 'self', highlighting a process of immune remodeling.
A study from the Ragon Institute of Mass General Brigham, MIT and Harvard found that immune cells called CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in controlling HIV. Researchers discovered that having these CD8+ T cell features before treatment was most important for achieving remission.
Scientists have developed a fast-acting and long-lasting vaccine against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), which is one of the world's most dangerous infectious diseases. The vaccine, made from a virus-like replicon particle, provides durable humoral immunity for up to 18 months.
Researchers at LJI have discovered a cellular driver that leads to the development of tissue-resident memory T cells, which specialize in defending specific organs. The study found that GPR25 sustains TGF-\u00b2 signaling, promoting differentiation and transformation into these specialized immune cells.
Researchers found that immune cells in the gut follow an atypical pathway to produce antibodies providing long-term protection against viruses. The study could help guide the development of better vaccines for respiratory viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
A new study identifies fatty acid elongase ELOVL5 as a key promoter of inflammation resolution in the lungs. The research reveals that ELOVL5 works through a dual mechanism to dampen inflammatory pathways and generate pro-resolving lipid signals.
Scientists discovered profound and specific changes in T cells as people age, leading to weaker immune responses to vaccines. This insight opens the door to designing more effective vaccines by compensating for age-related cellular changes.
The review highlights how T cells specifically recognize and eliminate malignant cells through antigen recognition mechanisms. It also explores how tumors evade immune surveillance through various mechanisms and discusses potential therapeutic strategies, including combination therapies to improve response rates for cancer patients.
A large-scale study in Ohio found measles vaccination coverage to be below the 93% herd immunity threshold, highlighting the need for sustained public health strategies to maintain elimination. The persistent immunity gaps suggest a need for equity-focused approaches.
Decades of research reveal immune cells shape the burden of Alzheimer's disease by both speeding up memory loss and protecting against it. New insights could transform treatment approaches and provide more effective outcomes.
Researchers have identified a key immunoregulatory mechanism in aspergillosis, where the dendritic cell receptor limits the host's response to fungal infections. Neutrophils play a crucial role in clearing fungal hyphae, and Dcir regulates their degranulation activity, which is essential for killing pathogens.
People with hepatitis B immunity induced by vaccination have a lower risk of developing diabetes of any kind. The study found that higher HBsAb levels were associated with greater reductions in diabetes risk.
Researchers discovered that vaccines induce changes in stromal cells of draining lymph nodes within hours, priming the landscape for immune responses. Different vaccines activate lymph node stromal cells differently, with some inducing specific effects on lymphatic endothelial cells.
An international team of researchers established standardized guidelines for analyzing oxylipins, bioactive lipids related to inflammation and disease. The guidelines aim to improve reproducibility in laboratories and facilitate the transfer of scientific discoveries to clinical practice.
Researchers at the University of Graz and the University of California, San Diego have developed a novel method to determine omega positions of lipids in complex biological samples. This breakthrough enables the study of biological mechanisms in unprecedented detail, particularly for inflammation-related diseases.
Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of extracellular RNAs in the antiviral defense process, with microRNAs binding viral genomes via base-pairing interactions to inhibit expression. RNA immunity represents a complementary arm of the mammalian immune system, functionally independent of traditional protein-based defenses.
A new study shows that delivering a single injection of gene therapy at birth may offer years-long protection against HIV. The treatment uses an adeno-associated virus to deliver instructions to muscle cells, which produce broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple strains of HIV.
Researchers discovered a new pathway to boost immunity against parasitic infections, suggesting that NSAIDs like ibuprofen could be repurposed as anti-parasitic treatments. Gasdermin C plays a crucial role in this process, targeting and penetrating Rab7-positive vesicles to reduce prostaglandin d2 levels.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered a novel tool to help stratify rejection risk in kidney transplantation. They found that mismatching SIRP-alpha between donors and recipients contributes to worse rejection, scarring, and graft failure in humans, suggesting improved transplant outcomes.
Researchers at University of Queensland have discovered a nanobody to combat two highly lethal viruses with no approved vaccine or cure. The DS90 nanobody can access hard-to-reach areas of the virus to block infection.
Researchers discover a novel metabolic pathway, glyoxalase system, that regulates excessive immune responses by targeting a previously underexplored metabolic pathway. The GLO2-SLG-D-lactylation pathway suppresses inflammatory signaling, reducing inflammation in acute and autoimmune disease settings.
Researchers review classification, mechanisms of action and clinical application of bispecific antibodies in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Bispecific antibodies demonstrate improved anti-tumor efficacy and a safe profile for NSCLC patients resistant to targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Recent CAR-T cell modification strategies have enhanced recognition, immunity stimulation, killing activity, and safety. The new designs counteract tumor immune escape and immunosuppressive microenvironments.
Deepshika Ramanan, a Salk Assistant Professor, has been recognized as a Rita Allen Foundation Scholar for her innovative research on maternal immunity and lactation. She will receive annual grants of up to $110,000 to conduct groundbreaking work in neuroscience, cancer, immunology, and pain.
Sara Poletti's research reveals how childhood trauma triggers persistent neuroinflammation pathways and alters brain structure, creating lifelong vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Her work identifies biological markers of trauma and explores prevention strategies to reduce mental illness odds.
A high-throughput neutralisation assay reveals how individual immunity gaps shape flu strain success, highlighting personalised immunity and its impact on virus evolution. The study used large-scale sequencing to quantify antibody responses against circulating H3N2 flu strains in children and adults.
Researchers identified specific antibody features that limit Mtb growth, revealing critical insights into antibody-immune cell interactions. The study lays groundwork for potential antibody-based therapies or vaccines against tuberculosis, an urgently needed treatment for the deadly infectious disease.
Researchers explore how plants use ubiquitination to fend off pathogens, developing molecular tools for disease resistance. The team aims to design synthetic E3 ligases that can switch on immune pathways and target pathogen proteins, enhancing crop resilience.
Recent advances and challenges in T cell immunotherapy highlight the need for deeper understanding of T cell fate determination mechanisms to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Key regulatory factors, transcription factors, and metabolic pathways govern T cell differentiation and function.