Articles tagged with Globalization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study from the Stockholm School of Economics shows how growing rivalry between major powers is pushing firms to rethink their sourcing, production capacity, and supplier relationships. Companies are diversifying suppliers, reducing dependence on single countries for critical inputs, and relocating or duplicating production to dif...
A systematic review and meta-analysis found a high prevalence of interpersonal violence globally among transgender and gender-diverse adults. The findings underscore the urgent need for evidence-based violence prevention and response strategies across settings to address this issue.
A new study proposes a two-stage decision-making framework for lithium governance in Latin America, highlighting the role of external pressures, internal politics, and industry development. The research suggests that engagement strategies must consider these factors to succeed in the region.
A new study by University of Notre Dame researcher Helge-Johannes Marahrens shows that analyzing social media posts can help experts predict when people will move during crises. Sentiment was found to be a more reliable signal for predicting forced displacement than emotion.
The Lancet Countdown report links climate change to violence and community health, emphasizing the need for social and economic changes to prevent conflict. Strengthening food systems and ensuring emergency responses can reduce grievances and protect healthcare workers.
The Baltic states of Lithuania and Estonia topped the Index on International Media Freedom Support, while Latvia came in 9th. The report highlights a significant gap between public commitments and actual support for media freedom among larger countries like the US, UK, Italy, and Japan.
A Dartmouth study found that national security officials are overwhelmingly overconfident, consistently misjudging the uncertainty of current and future states. Brief training can mitigate this bias, reducing overconfidence and promoting accuracy.
A recent study highlights the growing concern of inhaler-related greenhouse gas emissions in the US, which have increased over the past decade. The study suggests that shifting utilization to dry powder and soft mist inhalers could be a key solution to reduce emissions.
A new cross-sectional study reveals significant disparities in premature mortality across the globe, highlighting unequal access to health-enhancing technologies and living standards. The research emphasizes the need for rapid and fair dissemination of technological and medical advancements to universalize health benefits.
A decision analytical model study estimates COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy will continue to yield meaningful benefits, especially in reducing infant hospitalizations. COVID-19 vaccination has been shown to be safe for pregnant individuals.
A study by Mireka Caselius found that children who moved abroad as kids develop unique skills such as social adaptability and tolerance for stress, making them highly sought-after employees in the global job market. These young adults often pursue careers with an international dimension, reflecting their adaptable nature.
A cross-sectional study found increased global social isolation, particularly in lower-income populations, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate high isolation levels and reduce inequities.
Methane emissions from global trade have risen by 30% since 1990, driven by rapid industrialization and population growth in Asia and the developing Pacific region. The study calls for targeted sectoral strategies to reduce emissions, including advanced leak detection and improved livestock feed formulations.
A new study suggests that MNEs can control crises and reduce supplier-induced ESG controversies by building small-world supply networks. This approach enables MNEs to moderate the behaviors of their suppliers, improving sustainability and reducing reputational risks.
A comparative effectiveness study estimates that COVID-19 vaccinations averted 2.5 million deaths during 2020-2024, with the majority of benefits secured for older adults within this age group.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University analyze historical U.S. carbon emissions trends, identifying factors that contributed to changes and offering lessons for developing countries. The study suggests that investing in efficient technologies and avoiding overreliance on coal can help avoid pitfalls encountered by the United States.
Cessation of public water fluoridation would lead to higher rates of tooth decay and increased healthcare costs in the US. The model suggests that current safe levels of fluoride have substantial ongoing benefits.
A recent report by Complexity Science Hub and Supply Chain Intelligence Institute Austria warns of destabilization in global trade and maritime transport. The expected consequences include price increases, logistical bottlenecks, congestion, and delays in transportation, especially on the US West Coast.
A new study found that local and non-Anglo artist representation in Australian charts has declined since the rise of digital streaming. Indigenous music from Australia and New Zealand saw a significant decline in singles chart share, from 16.6% to 2.5%, while albums chart share also decreased.
A recent study by IADR and AADOCR estimates the global economic impacts of oral health conditions in 2019, revealing a substantial burden on individuals and society.
Rehm's research finds Abe's immigration reforms led to incremental changes in Japan's status quo, expanding foreign labor pathways but maintaining structural issues. The study suggests a potential shift toward 'country of immigration' in the short to medium term.
This study reveals prevalent adverse childhood experiences among children, including abuse and neglect, with notable disparities across demographics. Early identification and community interventions can reduce ACEs and mitigate future health consequences.
A study published in JAMA found that drug-related reports of supply chain issues were 40% less likely to result in meaningful drug shortages in Canada compared to the US. This highlights the importance of global cooperation to curb the effects of drug shortages and strengthen pharmaceutical supply chains.
A survey study found that 6 months into Medicaid unwinding, 1 in 8 beneficiaries reported exiting the program, with wide state variation. Many who lost coverage experienced gaps in care, and adults exiting Medicaid faced more difficulties accessing healthcare services than those remaining enrolled.
A new study by University of Notre Dame researchers finds that US states are shaping US-China relations through subnational diplomacy, ranging from pro-engagement to confrontation. States like California and Indiana engage with China through climate partnerships and educational exchanges, while others adopt more confrontational policies.
A new article suggests that local firms in emerging markets should adopt a balanced approach to contend with the competition challenges brought by inward foreign direct investment. The authors argue that relying solely on political connections may not be effective, and instead recommend combining market and nonmarket strategies.
A new study found that Coloradans are still ambivalent about hosting the Olympics, with strong opposition from self-identified Republicans and Independents to taxpayer-funded bids. The research suggests that cities need to address public costs and make clear why they believe the costs will be worth it.
The study found that 1 in 5 children and adolescents experience excess weight, with rates varying by region. Excess weight is linked to multiple factors, including inherent, behavioral, environmental, and sociocultural influences.
Research from Binghamton University reveals that worker rights, including forming trade unions and bargaining collectively, are the most vulnerable human rights. The study finds that economic globalization has led to increased competition between governments and corporations, resulting in reduced labor protections in many countries.
A new Dartmouth study has found that prolonged contact between locals and migrants in Afghanistan did not reduce prejudice against migrants. The researchers tested psychologist Gordon Allport's 'contact theory' through a vocational training program, but found that structural changes are needed to address the issue.
Researchers observed a significant increase in permanent contraception procedures for young adults following the Dobbs decision, with females being disproportionately affected. The study highlights the gendered dynamics of permanent contraceptive use and its implications for women and people with reproductive capacity.
This special issue highlights photonics developments in Latin America, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, India, and China, showcasing regional growth and progress. The papers emphasize the importance of global cooperation and collaboration to address challenges and seize opportunities in the field.
Recent research connects biological domestication to early food globalization, proposing a new conceptual framework that challenges traditional narratives. Archaeological investigations have shown that plant and animal domestication entailed a more gradual transition spanning thousands of years across extensive geographies.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that high prices for new diabetes medicines limit access worldwide. The research proposes that increased generic and biosimilar competition could significantly reduce prices, making treatments more affordable.
Continuous Medicaid eligibility during the pandemic significantly reduced loss of Medicaid after birth. Post-pandemic postpartum Medicaid extensions may also reduce uninsurance rates similarly.
A study published in Natural Resources Forum found that renewable energy production reduces carbon dioxide emissions in OECD countries but increases them in emerging economies. Economic growth also enhances environmental quality in both sets of countries, while institutional quality is linked to fewer emissions in OECD countries.
Despite declining overall US cancer mortality rates, substantial racial disparities persisted for many common cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Structural racism, medical mistrust, and health care access inequities contribute to these disparities.
A meta-analysis of 90 studies found that adolescents use nonprescription weight-loss products excessively, with girls being more affected. The study highlights the need for interventions to reduce this behavior and mitigate potential long-term health consequences.
A novel multicomponent intervention aimed at improving patient access to kidney transplants did not significantly increase the rate of completed steps in a randomized clinical trial involving 20,375 patients. The study highlights the need for sustained efforts to address barriers to transplantation globally.
Health care spending for Black adults was equal to or less than that of White adults, but only in areas with racial and economic equity and equitable insurance access. The study highlights the need to recognize place as a contributor to race-based differences in health care spending.
A Dartmouth-led study found that tweets featuring K-pop group BTS generated 111 times more virality than similar tweets without the artist's name. This highlights the power of entertainment in driving public health messages and bridging cultural divides.
The International Association of Bioethics has proposed a framework to guide the selection of future conference sites, including those with anti-LGBTQ+ laws. The framework identifies multiple values and principles at stake, aiming to broaden conversation within bioethics about international conferencing ethics.
The article explores how export diversification and ICT shape employment patterns, with research highlighting the importance of diversified trade baskets to minimize economic uncertainties. Tailored trade policies can unlock employment opportunities for both high-skilled and low-skilled workers, fostering sustainable growth.
The study highlights the increasing global burden of childhood diabetes, with rising deaths and disability-adjusted life-years. Improved understanding of diabetes epidemiology in children is crucial for prevention and control efforts.
The study found that COVID-19-era policy improvements in adult overall health and household nutrition resulted from the 2021 Child Tax Credit monthly payments. Cash transfers may effectively address adult health issues and enhance food security
New research on Russia's sanctions reveals that targeted firms temporarily suffered modest losses but eventually adapted by reorganizing subsidiaries, altering supply chains, or seeking government support. This suggests that economic sanctions are unlikely to deter or reverse aggressive actions by other countries.
Funding agencies emphasized the need for reciprocal collaborations, equal access to research data, and clear intellectual property standards. The discussion aimed to promote responsible internationalization and address concerns about politics and security issues among countries.
A new study from the University of Delaware refutes criticism that DACA policy hurts jobs and income, finding it may actually improve the economic climate. The study, led by Emily Battaglia, analyzed data from 2005 to 2018 and found no negative impact on native-born Americans or non-eligible immigrants.
A study by MedUni Vienna's Center for Public Health used GPT-3 to analyze the potential of AI in addressing societal megatrends, including digitization, urbanization, and climate change. The findings suggest that AI can improve understanding of these complex issues and provide suggestions for solutions.
A new study estimates the global economic cost of 29 cancers from 2020 to 2050 to be $25.2 trillion, with significant variations in burden across countries and regions. The study highlights the need for global efforts to address rising cancer burdens.
Researchers found that an immersive virtual reality (IVR) intervention significantly improved pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing a blood draw. The IVR group showed better outcomes compared to the control group.
A new programming technique in quantum computing could help solve complex optimization problems in global supply chains. The FALQON framework uses feedback to adapt the structure of the algorithm, allowing the quantum computer to efficiently reroute shipping fleets and manage logistics.
A recent study by University of Waterloo researchers argues that globalization is far from over, contradicting widespread fears of a US-China rivalry. The authors suggest that the economic and technological costs of such a rivalry would be too high, hurting consumers worldwide.
A new Concordia study reveals that container ship accidents are a growing concern, with significant shortcomings in maritime cargo safeguards. The researchers found that existing regulations are inadequate, and the lack of data makes it difficult to adopt new regulations.
Global COVID-19 excess mortality estimates indicate that 10.5 million children lost one or both caregivers and 7.5 million children experienced COVID-19-associated orphanhood through May 2022. This significant loss of family members has a profound impact on the mental and physical well-being of affected children.
New research finds conflictive home-host relations have a strong negative effect on policy risk and can imperil cross-border acquisitions. Ambivalent relations reduce the effect of policy risk the greatest extent.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found tinnitus prevalence to be over 740 million adults worldwide, with 120 million reporting it as a significant issue.
The article discusses global disparities in Parkinson disease, identifying six key areas for improvement: disease burden, advocacy and awareness, prevention and risk reduction, diagnosis, treatment, and care, caregiver support, and research. These findings aim to inform policy decisions and drive action towards reducing health inequities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 publications found a global association between COVID-19 measures and reduced breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screenings. This could lead to an increase in avoidable cancer deaths.
A new study reveals that population declines have been greatest among species that migrate to areas with more human infrastructure, habitat degradation, and climate change. The research identified 16 human-induced threats to migratory birds, including infrastructure associated with bird disturbance and collisions.