Articles tagged with T Cell Receptors
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory used machine learning concepts to study the immune system's learning process, finding that the system achieves negative selection through generalization. This process allows for the correct deletion of self-reactive T cells despite encountering only a small fraction of the body's self-peptides.
A recent study found that human lung tissue contains a vast reservoir of tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM cells) capable of targeting a range of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. These cells reside only in the lungs and can live for years, providing a vital line of defense against severe respiratory infections.
A multi-institutional team has discovered a novel immune regulatory mechanism mediated by antibodies that selectively shut down overactive immune responses. The 'immune-induced TCR-like antibody' (iTab) can reduce disease severity and delay its onset in a mouse model of autoimmune disease.
A high-precision Human Immune Aging Clock (HIAC) has been developed to quantify immunosenescence and identify actionable intervention targets. The study identified RUNX1 as a functional 'brake' on T-cell senescence, and found that individuals with decelerated immune aging displayed a more youthful immune profile.
Researchers engineered supercharged T cells that can recognize and kill prostate cancer cells more effectively. By fine-tuning how they physically interact with tumor cells, the T cells form a stronger bond, allowing them to deliver a targeted immune response without damaging healthy tissue.
Researchers have discovered that actin forms wavefronts around the synapse centre, actively transporting TCR microclusters towards the cell edge. This process rescues TCRs from endocytosis and enables T cells to bind to multiple APCs in succession.
Researchers from MIT and Broad Institute develop temporary 'factory' in the liver to generate T-cell-stimulating signals, boosting immune response to vaccination and cancer immunotherapy treatments. Aged mice showed significant increases in T cell population size and function after treatment.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have devised a new approach to stimulate cell growth and repair in the intestine using CAR T-cell therapy. This therapy has shown promising results in improving gut health in both young and old mice, with significant reductions in inflammation and improved nutrient absorption.
Researchers identified C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) as a key player in kidney injury and repair, with the molecule behaving both protectively and harmfully. The study suggests future drugs could target only its damaging effects, paving the way for more precise treatments for chronic kidney disease.
The study identified patterns in T cell receptor repertoires that are specific to both individual dogs and breeds of dog. This could lead to the development of simple blood tests to inform treatment and diagnostic decisions.
Researchers at the University of Chicago discovered that random fluctuations in gene expression enable certain cells to express genes from other tissues, promoting immune system training and tissue repair. This 'epigenetic noise' can also contribute to cancer development by allowing cancer cells to access a broader range of genes.
St. Jude researchers developed a computational method to design tandem CARs that target two cancer-related proteins, overcoming previous challenges and function better in treating animal models of cancer. The approach demonstrated improved surface expression and anti-tumor function, clearing tumors in four out of five mice.
Researchers have developed a research pipeline to create 'universal vaccines' that can address broad viral families and mutated variants. The vaccine design aims to neutralize emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and other viruses with pandemic potential.
Researchers developed a new AI model named BATMAN to improve T cell receptor therapy accuracy. The AI uses a vast database of over 22,000 TCR-peptide interactions to predict peptide binding and identify potential cancer treatments.
Researchers identified key factors behind a successful immunotherapy response in a young patient with rhabdoid tumour. The study highlights the potential of sequencing technologies to track immune cell profiles and develops personalized cell therapies.
Researchers create map of T cell responses to Chikungunya virus, shedding light on chronic disease triggers. They found that people with chronic disease have T cells targeting the same viral epitopes as those who cleared the virus.
Large granular lymphocytic leukemias (LGLLs) are heterogeneous groups of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Recent molecular insights and WHO 5th edition updates refine diagnostic precision. T-cell LGLL has favorable prognosis with immunosuppressive treatment, while NK-LGLL is indolent but requires symptomatic treatment.
Dr. Nowicki's team has engineered 'supercharged' T cells that produce extra TNF-alpha to boost cancer-fighting ability, offering a potentially more precise and toxic-free treatment option. The new funding will help test these enhanced T cells in preclinical models to evaluate their effectiveness.
Scientists at the Institute for Systems Biology have discovered how T cells respond to infections like COVID-19, revealing a predictable pattern based on genetic interactions. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatments and vaccine strategies for diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Scientists at Salk Institute discovered that removing bile acid-creating protein BAAT and adding bile acid UDCA controls tumor growth in mice with liver cancer. UDCA supplements may be a quick solution to improving liver cancer patient outcomes.
Researchers discovered a key role for neutrophils in cancer cell colonization of abdominal fat through the release of DNA webs called NETs. Additionally, a new biomarker study found that dose-dense chemotherapy improved disease-free survival by 20% and overall survival by 15% for women with early-stage ER-positive breast cancer.
Research suggests that T-cell receptor repertoire analysis can inform treatment responses and predict efficacy in combination therapies for HCC. Advances in sequencing technologies are refining our understanding of tumor-immune interactions and adaptive immune mechanisms.
Researchers identify biomarker Ki67 that indicates whether treatment with vedolizumab will be successful. The biomarker can help predict which patients are more likely to respond to the form of treatment, allowing for more targeted use and potentially improving patient outcomes.
A new study reveals a connection between NF-κB signaling pathways and X chromosome inactivation in T cells, which has implications for understanding sex-based immune responses. Researchers found that the maintenance of X chromosome inactivation depends on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigated the role of physical forces in enhancing T cell performance. They found that applying piconewton forces can improve digital cytotoxic T lymphocytes' ability to recognize and destroy altered cells, leading to better immunotherapies.
Researchers identified a potential antigen for TCR recognition in melanoma, suggesting that RNLS protein could be recognized by T cells leading to local immune responses against the cancer. The study found that chemical complementarity between melanoma-resident TCR CDR3s and renalase-1 protein correlates with increased melanoma survival.
A new combined cell therapy for kidney transplants uses a combination of bone marrow cells from the donor and Treg cells from the recipient to reduce the donor-specific reaction. This approach preserves the overall diversity of the T-cell receptor repertoire, crucial for immune defence.
Researchers have designed a novel Co-STAR receptor that combines genetic components of four types of immune cells to recognize and fight cancer cells. In laboratory studies, the Co-STAR receptor induced a sustained anti-tumor response against human cancer cells, leading to long-lasting remissions in mouse models.
Dr. Sanaz Memarzadeh and her team aim to improve treatment outcomes for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer using adoptive T-cell therapy and natural killer cells. They hope to identify new targets and biomarkers for effective treatments.
Researchers have identified a novel type of T cell that can recognize and respond to multiple bacterial strains in the gut. This breakthrough finding has significant implications for treating diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. The discovery was made by Kazuki Nagashima, winner of the NOSTER & Science Microbiome Prize.
Researchers have identified genetic changes that can leave children born with little to no immune defense against infection. The study links mutations in the NUDCD3 gene to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Omenn syndrome, rare and life-threatening immunodeficiency disorders.
A machine learning classifier developed by German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) scientists has accelerated the development of personalized T cell therapies for cancer patients. The technology, called predicTCR, can identify tumor-reactive T cell receptors with 90% accuracy in a matter of days, regardless of tumor type.
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism behind immune tolerance, where B cells teach T cells to ignore the body's own proteins. This failure can lead to autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis-like Neuromyelitis optica.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a critical structure on the HIV virus that plays a crucial role in its infection process. By understanding this structure's dynamics, scientists may be able to design broadly neutralizing antibodies for an AIDS vaccine.
Researchers from UTHealth Houston discovered that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T-cells are present in high numbers in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with multiple sclerosis at its earliest stages. The study suggests that these cells may be contributing to the disease's pathogenesis.
A new method developed at Karolinska Institutet can identify unique immune cell receptors and their location in human tissue. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel therapies for diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders, by pinpointing the specific immune cells responsible.
Researchers found that tumor-resident T-cell receptor sequences showed high complementarity with the cancer testis antigen DDX53, suggesting an immune response that selects for DDX53-negative cells. This association was correlated with worse disease-free survival rates, highlighting a potential early esophageal cancer antigen.
Researchers at Institute for Systems Biology have made a breakthrough discovery about T cells, finding that the genetically encoded T-cell receptor sequence determines a T cell's function. This fundamental discovery has huge potential for developing custom immune responses to specific antigens.
Scientists from German Cancer Research Center successfully tested transgenic T cells against glioblastoma, a type of aggressive brain tumor. The T cells were engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, showing a greater than 40% response rate in treated mice.
Research finds that immune cells in older adults are similar to those in newborns and children, but less effective at recognizing infected cells. The study, published in Nature Immunology, suggests that tailored vaccines and therapies could be developed for different age groups based on the unique characteristics of killer T cells.
Researchers discovered cytoplasmic retinoic acid receptors, such as RARalpha, are essential for T cell linking sensing at the cell surface with downstream signaling cascades and gene expression programs. The study sheds new light on TCR signaling and its connection to cancer treatment.
Researchers developed a computational platform called IRIS to discover tumor antigens from alternative RNA splicing, expanding cancer immunotherapy targets. Hundreds of predicted TCR targets were found to be presented by human leukocyte antigen molecules.
Researchers have developed an automated calling algorithm for determining B and T cell clonality from NGS data with greater sensitivity than previous models. The new model increases the assay's sensitivity in detecting clonality, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of lymphoproliferative disorders.
University of Pittsburgh researchers created a universal receptor system allowing T cells to recognize any cell surface target. This enables highly customizable CAR T cell and other immunotherapies for treating cancer and diseases, with potential applications in solid tumors.
A new study finds that rare helper T cells called Th9 can drive allergic disease and may hold the key to precision medicine approaches for treating severe allergies. Th9 cells are activated by specific transcription factors and can produce inflammatory cytokines without antigen stimulation.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint inhibitors increase the mobilization of overlapping tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, leading to antitumor effects. The diverse subset of T-cell clones plays a key role in this response, with polyclonal clones exhibiting more proliferative potential and contributing to effective treatment outcomes.
A study found that an allele of the HLA Class 1 gene may protect individuals from severe COVID-19. The researchers compared the immune systems of patients in different waves of the pandemic and discovered a link between the HLA-A*01:01 allele and effective T-cell immunity against new variants.
A recent study published in Immunity reveals that human T-cell receptor genes exhibit unexpectedly high variability among individuals, with each person having a unique set of gene variants. The researchers identified 175 new gene variants originating from Neanderthals, which are present in up to 20% of modern humans in Europe and Asia.
A study found that individuals with the HLA-A*01:01 allele have developed robust T-cell immunity to COVID-19, suggesting a genetic predisposition to severe forms of the disease. The allele is more common in patients with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19.
In a Phase I clinical trial, afami-cel achieved an objective response rate of 44% in patients with synovial sarcoma and 24% across all cancer types. The therapy demonstrated manageable toxicity and early activity in other cancer types, suggesting potential for solid tumors.
Researchers develop new method to identify crucial protein fragments driving autoimmunity, enabling better diagnostics and therapies. The study finds cross-reactivity between human and microbial proteins drives autoimmunity in at least two diseases.
Researchers developed an algorithm using amino acid sequences of proteins called T cell receptors to predict patient response to treatment, providing insights into the biology behind an effective response. The algorithm, DeepTCR, identified patterns that are predictive of patient response as accurately as known biomarkers.
Researchers from NAU and University of Washington collaborate to create a safe and effective vaccine for Valley Fever, a fungal infection spreading due to climate change. The project aims to address the growing threat of emerging epidemics and prevent disease through vaccination.
A team of Stanford scientists has developed a new method to predict which antigens will lead to a strong immune response, allowing for more effective cancer immunotherapies. By applying a sliding force between peptides and T cell receptors, the researchers can identify the best antigen-receptor pairs in under five hours.
A combination of immunotherapy and virotherapy using myxoma virus provides new hope for patients with treatment resistant cancers. The approach boosts the immune capacity to effectively target and destroy cancer cells, inducing a form of cell death called autosis.
Researchers captured first image of antigen-bound T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen at atomic resolution. The study reveals no significant structural changes in the receptor after antigen binding, sparking further investigation into the signaling pathway activation mechanism.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered that even terminally exhausted T cells retain some capacity to function again. They identified approaches to overcome exhaustion by targeting co-stimulation pathways and reprogramming T cells to be resistant to hypoxia, a common tumor microenvironmental signal.
Researchers at Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine found that silencing the EBAG9 gene in CAR T cells increases their effectiveness and reduces side effects. This breakthrough could lead to a new therapy approach for blood cancer patients.
A study published in Nature Cardiovascular Research reveals that rare T cells targeting apolipoprotein B can contribute to inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. Researchers discovered these cells resemble regulatory T cells but develop a new identity as heart disease develops.
Researchers have shed light on how immune checkpoint protein LAG3 modulates T cell activity, providing crucial information for the development of new LAG3-blocking therapies. The study found that LAG3 suppresses T cell activation by disrupting coreceptor-Lck association, even in the absence of MHC Class II molecules.