Articles tagged with Type 2 Diabetes
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A new study found that female adults who heavily used cannabis had a lower incidence of diabetes compared to those who did not use cannabis. In contrast, light cannabis use among females and male adults with any level or no cannabis use showed no association with diabetes diagnosis.
Researchers have developed a prototype insulin-loaded patch that comfortably sticks to the inside of a person's cheek, offering a less invasive way to manage blood sugar levels. The patch, activated by heat, releases insulin into the bloodstream several times faster than through skin, showing promise for diabetes treatment.
A comprehensive review found that prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. The study suggests that prediabetes poses a significant threat to public health due to its rising prevalence worldwide.
A trial found that parents bought fewer sugary drinks when products displayed pictorial warnings about type 2 diabetes or heart damage. Pictorial warnings are being explored as a strategy to reduce children's intake of sugary drinks and related health outcomes.
Researchers at Scripps Research have identified an experimental compound called IXA4 that activates a natural signaling pathway to protect against obesity-driven metabolic changes. This approach shows promise for preventing or treating type 2 diabetes.
A study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that people with diabetes have more macrophages in their fat tissue, particularly the anti-inflammatory CD206+ subtype. This subtype is unique in terms of gene expression and may play a role in the development of diabetes.
Regular physical activity significantly changes metabolite profiles, associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. The study found improved insulin secretion and reduced fasting glucose levels in physically active men.
Researchers at University of Illinois Chicago identified changes in the gut microbiome that can lead to gestational diabetes. They found a specific metabolite, kynurenine, that is increased during pregnancy and contributes to insulin resistance.
A randomized controlled trial found that late eating, associated with high melatonin levels, impairs blood sugar control through a defect in insulin secretion. Participants with the genetic variant in the MTNR1B gene had higher blood sugar levels, highlighting the importance of considering genetics in food timing recommendations.
Researchers found minority groups were less likely to start newer diabetes medications, despite needing them most. The study used data from nearly 5,000 patients with type 2 diabetes and showed Black patients were 20% less likely and American Indian or Alaskan Native patients were 50% less likely to initiate treatment.
Researchers developed a novel multi-organoid system to simulate the human liver-islet axis, enabling 3D co-culture of hiPSC-derived organoids for up to 30 days. The system exhibited cooperative interaction between liver and islet organoids, reflecting the dynamic interplay among organs in type 2 diabetes.
Middle-aged men with high levels of anxiety and worry are at greater biological risk for developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes as they age. The study found that cardiometabolic disease risk increased with age, regardless of anxiety levels, but anxious individuals were more likely to develop the condition over time.
A new federally funded study will use machine learning to create a first-of-its-kind algorithm predicting individual responses to food and dietary routines. The National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program will recruit 10,000 participants nationwide.
A study published in Diabetes Care found that walking regularly at greater intensity and taking more steps can lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes among adults aged 65 and older. For every 1,000 additional steps per day, the risk is reduced by 6%, with a 12% reduction possible if an average adult takes 2,000 more steps daily.
Researchers discovered that Black women have a greater relative abundance of Actinobacteria, associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and elevated inflammation. The study highlights the importance of understanding the role of gut microbiome in cardiometabolic health disparities among Black women.
Researchers found that adolescent arterial stiffness may be a causal risk factor for hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in young adulthood. Arterial stiffness also temporally precedes low HDL-cholesterol in young adults, with a positive association with triglyceride levels.
Researchers found a key role for Tmem120a in promoting expression of fat genes and shutting off muscle genes in fat tissue. This mechanism may explain why metabolic diseases like diabetes appear under certain circumstances, such as high-calorie diets. The discovery has implications for other metabolic diseases and muscle disorders.
Researchers at UNIGE found that fat can aid pancreatic beta cells in adapting to excess sugar levels. The study reveals a dynamic cycle of fat storage and mobilization allows cells to maintain near-normal insulin secretion. Regular physical activity may help give this beneficial cycle a chance to be active.
A global study found that death rates for people with type 2 diabetes are declining in high-income countries, including Asia. The study showed a narrowing life expectancy gap between those with and without diabetes in many jurisdictions.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital identified the activation of PIEZO1 as a key trigger for thrombosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting PIEZO1 prevented clot formation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing thrombosis.
New American Heart Association scientific statement highlights gap between existing evidence on reducing cardiovascular risk and reality for people living with T2D. Available therapies can help when combined with new approaches addressing social determinants of health and other barriers to care.
A new study aims to improve diabetes management in rural and urban communities with a low-cost, psychological intervention called episodic future thinking. The technique helps patients value future rewards over immediate gratification, leading to healthier lifestyle changes and improved disease management.
A cross-sectional study found that mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) predominantly affects women, increasing the frequency and severity of hypertension and type 2 diabetes compared to nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. Patients with MACS carried an increased cardiometabolic burden similar to Cushing Syndrome, even without typical f...
A study of over 1,300 patients found that Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) is much more prevalent than previously reported, with almost every second patient having MACS. The condition was linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, particularly in older women.
Exercise modifies the adaptation of the liver to increased energy intake, regulating enzymes for glucose and fructose degradation. Regular physical activity also improves glucose control and reduces fat storage in the liver, offering a comprehensive insight into molecular adaptations to high-energy diets.
Individuals with high-risk prediabetes significantly improved their blood glucose levels through more exercise and healthy eating behavior, while those at low risk showed limited benefits from conventional lifestyle intervention. The study's findings support personalized interventions tailored to each patient's risk profile for effecti...
Researchers found that SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin can improve insulin sensitivity in the brain, leading to better glucose control and reduced liver fat content. This breakthrough discovery positions SGLT2 inhibitors as a potential treatment for insulin resistance in the brain.
A University of Birmingham-led study found that patients with a recorded history of gum disease are at higher risk of developing mental ill-health (37%), autoimmune diseases (33%), cardiovascular disease (18%), and cardiometabolic disorders, particularly Type 2 diabetes (26%). The study used UK primary care data to explore the associat...
A recent study found significant inequities in the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), a medication typically used for treating diabetes, among different racial and ethnic groups. The study, published in JAMA Health Forum, showed that Black patients were 19% less likely to have a GLP-1 RA prescription compared to white patients.
A study of 1.1 million patients with type 2 diabetes found disparities in the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists by racial and ethnic groups, as well as by sex and socioeconomic status. The findings highlight concerns about unequal access to effective diabetes care.
A new study published in Frontiers in Endocrinology has identified a promising target for an anti-hypoglycaemia drug by boosting the brain's AMPK fuel gauge. The researchers found that the compound increases the release of glucagon from the pancreas, defending against hypoglycaemia.
Researchers discovered a new hormone, fabkin, that regulates metabolism and controls insulin production in pancreatic beta cells. Blocking fabkin's activity prevented the development of both forms of diabetes in mice, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
A University of Gothenburg study found that bariatric surgery lowers cancer risk by 60% in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those achieving and maintaining normal glucose control. The research highlights the importance of glucose control in preventing cancer in this high-risk population.
Researchers examined the risk of developing diabetes-associated eye disorders among children diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The study found a significant association between diabetes diagnosis and increased risk of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma in childhood.
Researchers found that video-based, telehealth-delivered exercise and weight loss programs improved pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity. The intervention with dietary component led to substantial weight loss and additional benefits.
The study found that people with sleep disorders had the highest rates of type 2 diabetes, with 40% of subjects having the disease. Prevalence of T2D was lower among individuals with intellectual disability, with only 8% having the disease.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that patients with type 2 diabetes often do not receive adequate cholesterol-lowering treatment, despite guidelines recommending statin prescriptions for elevated LDL-C levels. Women tend to have higher average LDL-C levels and receive less statin treatment than men.
A Swedish twin study discovered epigenetic differences in twins with one developing type 2 diabetes. The researchers found lower levels of microRNA-30, a gene that regulates glucose uptake, in the affected twins' fatty tissue.
Research from Harvard University reveals that physical activity later in life shifts energy towards mechanisms that extend health, reducing chronic illnesses. The study highlights the importance of staying physically active as we age to allocate energy to physiological processes that slow down deterioration.
Researchers at UConn Health have discovered that eliminating senescent cells in human fat tissue can alleviate signs of diabetes and improve insulin sensitivity. The study suggests that clearing away these dysfunctional cells could lead to game-changing new treatments for Type 2 diabetes.
A study using anonymized health data found that people with poorly managed long-term glycemic control are nearly 50% more likely to require ICU treatment if they contract COVID-19. Metformin, insulin, and corticosteroids may also reduce the risk of severe COVID-19.
A new study found that low energy diets with formula meal replacements are the most effective methods for weight management and remission in adults with type 2 diabetes. Formula meal replacements achieved greater weight loss compared to food-based low-energy diets.
A new study from Intermountain Healthcare found that low-frequency intermittent fasting raises galectin-3 levels, a protein tied to inflammatory response, and lowers rates of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This suggests that even occasional fasting may have positive health effects.
A recent study led by Okayama University scientists found that metformin activates a subset of immune cells called CD8+ T-lymphocytes to attack and kill tumor cells. The study revealed that metformin increases the production of reactive oxygen species in these cells, which activates growth pathways and allows for proliferation.
A large study published in Nature Communications has identified a protein in the blood, follistatin, which can predict type 2 diabetes up to 19 years before diagnosis. The study found that higher levels of follistatin circulating in the blood are associated with an increased risk of developing the disease.
Research found that adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation were less likely to notice irregular heartbeat symptoms, had a lower quality of life, and experienced more co-occurring health conditions than those without diabetes. This delay in diagnosis may lead to more complications such as stroke.
A study by Karolinska Institutet found that low levels of microRNA-210 in red blood cells cause vascular damage in type 2 diabetes. The reduction in microRNA-210 levels impaired blood vessel endothelial cell function and led to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Research associates elevated galectin-1 levels with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, while offering kidney protection in high-risk patients. Galectin-1's role in disease development and progression is a new clue in understanding the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have discovered that a low-dose oral compound, HBI-002, can safely reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina, common causes of diabetic retinopathy. The study suggests that small amounts of carbon monoxide may help protect vision in diabetes patients.
Researchers found that around 5% of patients with type 2 diabetes in Scotland are in remission, suggesting a need for updated guidelines to support clinicians. Individuals in remission tend to be older and have lower blood sugar levels at diagnosis, and often achieve remission after weight loss since their diagnosis
New research from the University of South Australia finds that the 5:2 diet is just as effective as a continuous energy-restricted diet in achieving weight loss and preventing type 2 diabetes in women with a previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The study suggests that this diet offers greater choice and flexibility for women loo...
A nationwide study found that living in areas with high fast-food outlets increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In contrast, a greater presence of supermarkets is associated with lower T2D incidence, particularly in suburban and rural communities.
A five-year study aims to identify hormone responses in a population of Mexican Americans with prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The research uses genetic data and physiologic testing to guide optimal treatments for diabetes, prediabetes, and related diseases.
A recent study by the University of California - San Diego team discovered that glycogen regulates and promotes fat metabolism, helping to balance energy intake and expenditure. The research suggests modulating glycogen metabolism in fat cells could provide new approaches for weight loss and improved metabolic health.
A recent study by the University of Eastern Finland suggests that consuming one serving of whole grains daily can reduce type 2 diabetes incidence and associated costs in Finland. The potential cost savings could be up to €1 billion over ten years, leading to healthier years for individuals.
A VCU study found that people with advanced liver scarring caused by obesity and diabetes are dying from liver disease, underscoring the need for new treatments. The research provides a roadmap for future therapies to prevent liver transplants and save lives.
A team of international scientists has shown that skeletal muscle cells from people with type 2 diabetes have a different circadian rhythm, leading to altered mitochondrial metabolism. The study suggests that considering cellular rhythms when prescribing treatments for type 2 diabetes could optimize their effectiveness.
Researchers found that excess carbohydrates can lead to metabolic distress by blocking the synthesis of important antioxidants and increasing insulin levels. This study provides new insights into the relationship between carbohydrate overfeeding and metabolic health.
A large population-based cohort study found that combined oral contraceptives reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in women with PCOS by 26%. Women with PCOS have twice the risk of developing type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes, highlighting the need for treatments to reduce this risk.
A large Swedish cohort study found that obese patients (BMI >35 kg/m2) were twice as likely to experience a prolonged ICU stay or die from COVID-19. The study also showed that obesity is an independent risk factor for severe outcomes, suggesting closer monitoring for individuals with obesity hospitalized for COVID-19.