Articles tagged with Brain Ischemia
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new treatment combining cognitive and occupational therapy is being tested to improve stroke recovery, especially for rural patients. The 'cognition-first' approach tackles cognitive difficulties before physical rehabilitation, addressing a significant gap in existing treatments.
A quarter of pregnant patients suffering stroke symptoms were misdiagnosed due to overlooked warning signs, according to a new study. The researchers highlight the need for better clinician education and decision-support tools to improve maternal health outcomes.
A new study suggests that gaps in the nation's stroke transfer system reduce survivors' chances of receiving critical treatment and increase disability. Patients with longer delays in hospital transfer experienced worse disability after their stroke, highlighting missed opportunities for many stroke patients.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys found that transplanted stem cells develop neurons with unique codes to navigate and form connections in the brain. These codes guide the growth of axons and explain why most neurons of a particular subtype send axons to specific brain regions.
A Northwestern University study found an injectable regenerative nanomaterial helps protect the brain during a vulnerable window after most common type of stroke. The therapy successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier and reduced brain damage, showing no signs of side effects.
Researchers used brain stimulation to synchronize communication between visual regions and enhance motion perception in stroke patients. The approach showed significant improvements in visual fields and real-world performance, suggesting a faster, more accessible therapy for hemianopia recovery.
A new study found that heavy alcohol use is associated with more severe brain bleeds and long-term brain vessel damage at a younger age. Patients who drank three or more drinks a day had larger, deeper bleeds and were twice as likely to have damage in the tiny blood vessels in the brain.
Researchers evaluated over 3,000 ischemic stroke patients and found that telestroke patients were 1.6 times more likely to receive clot-busting drugs, but took nearly seven minutes longer to receive treatment after arriving at the hospital. The study highlights clear gaps in timely treatment for these patients.
Researchers found that DMT reduces infarct volume and edema formation in rat stroke models by restoring blood-brain barrier function and reducing inflammatory cytokines. The compound's dual action may complement existing treatments, offering a novel approach to stroke therapy.
Stem cell transplantation has been shown to reverse stroke damage in mice by regenerating neurons and restoring motor functions. The treatment also improved blood-brain barrier integrity, reduced inflammation, and promoted new blood vessel formation.
A study led by Keck School of Medicine of USC found that a stem cell transplant performed one week after an ischemic stroke in mice led to significant brain cell growth and functional recovery. The treated mice showed improved fine motor skills, gait, and reduced inflammation compared to untreated mice.
Researchers discovered that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to blood clotting due to a lack of layilin protein, which prevents platelets from forming unwanted clots. A drug targeting Rac1 activity could reduce excessive clotting and alleviate day-to-day IBD symptoms.
A study examining over 1,000 women aged 18-49 found that more than half with an ischemic stroke had experienced pregnancy complications. High-risk factors include preeclampsia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes.
The new centre will investigate neural dynamics, developing novel interventions and devices to improve symptom relief and quality of life for people with brain disorders. It aims to harness neural dynamics for people with conditions like Parkinson’s disease or epilepsy.
Researchers found an increased risk of stroke in women who experienced diabetes, high blood pressure, preterm delivery, or low birth weight during pregnancy. These complications could act as early signals for cardiovascular problems, enabling women to receive help and reduce their risk.
A new computer model based on artificial intelligence is being developed to help doctors treat stroke patients. The model will use data from the German Stroke Registry and local brain images to predict long-term outcomes and potential complications, enabling doctors to make informed decisions about therapy.
Researchers found that halving vital sign and neurological function checks in low-risk patients after acute ischemic stroke treatment does not compromise care or recovery. The approach also frees up nursing time and intensive care resources, improving hospital capacity.
Research published in JAMA Network Open found that college graduates experienced faster cognitive decline after a stroke compared to those with less education. The study highlights the importance of identifying patients at high risk for post-stroke cognitive decline to target future interventions.
Researchers found that changes in gut bacteria after a stroke lead to an increase in harmful substances and a decrease in beneficial ones, potentially causing inflammation. Restoring these beneficial substances from gut bacteria could help reduce inflammation after a stroke.
A comprehensive review published in Brain Medicine maps out the extensive influence of reproductive hormones on neurological health and disease. The study examines how sex hormones affect a broad spectrum of neurological conditions, including vascular disorders, movement disorders, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
A new study maps genetic traits to cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques, predicting future stroke or heart attack risk. The research improves risk assessment and treatment for patients with atherosclerosis.
A recent study published in the Journal of Vascular Surgery found that non-white patients have twice the risk of dying within 30 days of carotid endarterectomy compared to white patients. The study analyzed data from over half a million patients and highlights persistent racial disparities in medical outcomes.
New research confirms that young adults are at risk for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic strokes, which were previously thought to occur mainly in older adults. The study found that nearly 20% of a cohort of 1,200 young adult patients had these strokes, highlighting the need for regular check-ups and prompt treatment.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that years of high systolic blood pressure increase the risk of stroke, with Black and Hispanic patients facing a higher risk. Early diagnosis and controlled high blood pressure are crucial to preventing stroke, especially in these populations.
Researchers found that hospitals with stroke center certification and coordinators have substantially better door-to-needle times for stroke patients, improving outcomes. The study highlights the importance of foundational infrastructure in telestroke programs, particularly for smaller hospitals.
A new study found that very early blood pressure lowering treatment can improve outcomes for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, but worsen outcomes for those with ischemic stroke. Rapid diagnosis of the type of stroke is crucial in harnessing the benefits of this treatment.
A new study has revealed that high-income individuals have a 32% lower risk of post-stroke mortality. Those with higher education also face a 26% lower risk of death post-stroke.
A novel robotic system developed by USC researchers can help clinicians accurately assess a patient's rehabilitation progress. The method generates an 'arm nonuse' metric using machine learning and a socially assistive robot to track how much a patient is using their weaker arm spontaneously.
Researchers describe a groundbreaking case of bilateral TMS treatment for chronic ataxia after hemorrhagic stroke, resulting in significant improvements in walking speed and balance. The treatment showed promise as the patient regained independence in daily activities.
Researchers aim to understand the role of gaze in post-stroke reading impairments and develop an employment-specific assessment tool for individuals with autism. The studies may provide major steps towards finding innovative solutions for individuals affected by neglect dyslexia and autism.
A first-in-human trial of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for post-stroke rehabilitation patients has shown that DBS to target the dentate nucleus improves motor impairment and function, with gains nearly tripling initial scores. The study also found significant improvements in quality of life.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University discovered a new mechanism that stimulates brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic stroke by secreting lipids. The mechanism involves PLA2G2E, which increases dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) levels, promoting inflammation reduction and neuronal repair.
A retrospective case-matched study found prism adaptation therapy (PAT) to be beneficial for treating both right- and left-sided spatial neglect. PAT showed improvements in neglect symptoms for patients with right-sided neglect, suggesting greater potential benefits compared to those with left-sided neglect.
Two Kessler Foundation scientists will conduct studies on upper extremity exercise after stroke and restoration of cardiovascular function in spinal cord injury populations. Dr. Shenoy Handiru's study combines transcranial electrical stimulation and wearable sensor-based exergaming to improve hand dexterity, while Dr. Einat Engel-Haber...
A recent study found that COVID-19 infection can lead to increased infarct growth and ongoing tissue consumption even after successful reperfusion through angiography. This suggests a potentially aggressive clinical course for patients with COVID-19 and large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke.
A study published in Stroke identified two proteins, R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) and LGR4, that trigger a signaling pathway to reduce inflammation and promote neurite outgrowth in the ischemic brain. This discovery provides new hope for patients with ischemic stroke by targeting RSPO3/LGR4 signaling.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University have found that a specific lipid, alpha-tocopherol, increases the uptake of antisense oligonucleotides in the stroke-lesioned brain. This delivery method has potential for targeted protein expression after a stroke.
Researchers at the University of Calgary found that vaccination against influenza significantly lowers the risk of stroke among adults. The study analyzed health records of over four million Albertans and showed that the risk of stroke was reduced in all age groups, not just those at high risk.
A large stroke trial found that intensive blood pressure lowering after clot removal compromises the return of blood flow to the affected area, leading to more brain tissue deterioration and major disability. The study suggests that this increasingly common treatment strategy should be avoided in clinical practice.
Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University found that brain stimulation combined with a nose spray containing nanoparticles can improve recovery after ischemic stroke. The treatment increased cognitive and motor functions, and weighed more quickly than those treated with TMS alone.
Researchers identified two genes associated with recovery within the first 24 hours after stroke, linking neuronal excitability to stroke outcomes. Genetic evidence suggests that calming overexcited neurons may protect the brain after a stroke.
H. Alex Choi receives NIH grant to develop protein biomarkers for delayed cerebral ischemia, a complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage that affects approximately 50,000 Americans annually. The goal is to predict which patients will worsen and identify biological processes causing worsening patients.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that more intensive hypertension treatment can delay or prevent strokes in older adults. The analysis of nine clinical trials involving 38,779 adults aged 66-84 showed a significant reduction in stroke risk with more aggressive treatment.
A study by the CDC found a strong association between obesity and diabetes, both of which are widespread in the U.S., and severe COVID-19 disease. In South Carolina, chronic diseases disproportionately affect Black communities, increasing their risk of developing severe COVID-19.
A study by the Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed I.R.C.C.S. found that consuming ultra-processed foods significantly increases the risk of a second heart attack or fatal stroke in people with cardiovascular diseases, even if they follow the Mediterranean diet.
Researchers at GIST create an optical technique called optical speckle image velocimetry that can image dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow, allowing for the diagnosis of brain health. The technique provides high-time resolution and measures both speed and direction of blood flow.
A first-in-human study at Cleveland Clinic found that targeting the dentate nucleus with deep brain stimulation was safe and feasible for promoting post-stroke rehabilitation, enabling significant functional improvement in upper extremity hemiparesis. The study's adaptive design allowed for extended treatment duration if patients conti...
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba found that blocking CD300a enhances efferocytosis and ameliorates neuronal deficits after ischemic stroke. This process involves the removal of damaged cells in the brain, reducing inflammation and neurological impairment.
The CAPTIVA trial will enroll 1,683 patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis and determine if two new prospective therapies are more effective than aspirin plus clopidogrel at reducing the risk of a second stroke. Intensive medical management and lifestyle modifications will also be provided to all patients.
Researchers found that 18:1 LPE promotes neurite outgrowth and protects neurons from glutamate toxicity, suggesting a key role for LPE in brain function. The study provides new insights into the physiological importance of LPE and its potential as a therapeutic agent for cranial nerve damage.
Researchers have developed a hybrid device that uses near-infrared light to monitor blood flow, providing a quick and noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral ischemia. The device can record comprehensive profiles of hemodynamics, improving treatment effectiveness within the first few hours of stroke onset.
Researchers found that hypothermia can limit cell death and dynamin levels in mice with cerebral blockage. This suggests that dynamin may be a potential drug target for stroke-related neuronal cell death.
Research suggests that autophagy may be both beneficial and detrimental to neuronal survival after stroke. The study proposes that autophagy has dual effects on neuronal survival, highlighting the need for further investigation into its therapeutic potential.
Research by Dr. Hyung-Seok Kim reveals that early expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor increase the neuronal plasticity of activated endogenous NSCs after focal cerebral ischemia. Additionally, neural precursor cells can be recruited from nearby areas to promote neurofunctional recovery.
Researchers studied rat and mouse models of focal cerebral ischemia to develop high-quality rodent models of stroke. They found optimal methods for middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats (0.40-0.45 mm, 18-20 mm thread insertion length) and mice (0.15-0.18 mm, 9-11 mm thread insertion length).
The Houshiheisan compound prescription effectively suppresses abnormal amyloid precursor protein accumulation and reduces amyloid substance deposition. It maintains the stabilization of the internal environment of neurovascular units, minimizing injury to these units in the ischemic penumbra.
Researchers found that 3-n-butylphthalide improved neuronal morphology in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, reducing oxidative stress caused by chronic cerebral ischemia. The compound also inhibited amyloid beta accumulation and improved cholinergic function in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.
Researchers found that transient brain ischemia induces hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and alters its interaction with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and protein phosphatase 2A. Lithium chloride's neuroprotective function may depend on regulating tau phosphorylation during cerebral ischemia.
Researchers found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor suppressed glucose intolerance by improving insulin receptor expression and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver. This suggests a potential therapeutic hypothesis for treating glucose intolerance after cerebral ischemia.
The study reveals rutaecarpine's ability to improve neurological function after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. The mechanism involves reducing oxidative stress, providing a promising basis for rutaecarpine as an ideal drug for preventing and treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.