Articles tagged with Liver
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The MIT research team has designed a new type of tissue model that accurately replicates the physiology of the liver, including blood vessels and immune cells. The model was used to study metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and showed promising results in identifying potential treatments.
Researchers developed a 3D miniature human liver model to improve toxicology studies of chemicals. The mini-liver demonstrates physiological and metabolic capabilities, enabling the detailed analysis of contaminant-induced effects on cells.
FHBL is characterized by low plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and APOB, and its pathogenesis involves lipid overload, ER stress, oxidative damage, and autophagic dysfunction. Current challenges include underdiagnosis, sparse epidemiological data, and unclear disease progression mechanisms.
Researchers have found a nonlinear dose-response relationship between exercise and hepatic steatosis, indicating that a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises can produce clinically meaningful improvements. The study suggests that exercising above 130 MET-min/week can lead to significant reductions in hepatic steatosis.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) holds promise in treating chronic liver diseases by restoring gut-liver axis balance. The consensus recommends FMT for various etiologies, excluding drug-induced liver injury, with strict donor selection and management guidelines to ensure safety.
Scientists developed a compound that targets Liver X Receptor specifically in liver and gut to lower triglycerides. In first-in-human clinical trial, participants showed significant drops in triglycerides and remnant cholesterol after taking the drug.
Researchers found identical bacterial strains in the mouth and gut of patients with advanced chronic liver disease, suggesting oral bacteria colonize the gut. These bacteria can damage the intestinal barrier, compromising gut health.
A team at UC San Diego is developing functional, patient-specific livers using 3D bioprinting and stem cell technology. The goal is to create 'made-to-order' livers grown from a patient's own cells, offering a safe alternative to transplantation that eliminates the need for donor organs.
A Carnegie Mellon-led team has secured a $28.5 million award from ARPA-H to develop a functional, 3D bioprinted liver for patients with acute liver failure. The project aims to provide a temporary liver that supports regeneration of a patient's own liver, reducing the need for full organ transplants.
Researchers discovered genes that regulate fibroblast growth, which builds the scaffolding between cells. Adjusting these factors reversed age-related changes and improved health outcomes in mice. The study offers new opportunities to understand and reverse aging-related diseases.
A new study found that higher levels of PFAS in the blood are linked to an increased risk of early onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in adolescents. MASLD affects up to 40% of children with obesity and increases long-term risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and liver cancer.
Researchers discovered that nicotinic acid can dramatically reduce liver damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury. The compound targets damaged mitochondria, reducing markers of liver injury, suppressing inflammation, and promoting mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Research finds cancer cachexia-related immune cells impair T-cell negative selection, leading to irAEs. This study establishes a critical mechanism connecting cancer cachexia and irAEs, opening new avenues for targeted interventions.
Gracie Greenlaw, an 11-year-old patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, undergoes the world's first pediatric heart and liver dual organ transplant at Children's Hospital Colorado. The groundbreaking procedure, performed by Dr. Megan Adams' team, aims to improve her quality of life by addressing long-term complications from her h...
Researchers have identified an effective strategy to reduce structural liver damage and improve hepatic vascular function in cirrhosis. Blocking the PAF-R receptor can help rebalance immune and inflammatory responses within the liver.
Researchers from MIT and Broad Institute develop temporary 'factory' in the liver to generate T-cell-stimulating signals, boosting immune response to vaccination and cancer immunotherapy treatments. Aged mice showed significant increases in T cell population size and function after treatment.
Researchers at MPI-CBG have created a patient-specific human liver model consisting of three liver cell types, capturing key aspects of human liver physiology in a dish. The novel model provides a platform to study liver diseases, develop new treatments, and advance personalized medicine.
Researchers found UDCA activates ileal FXR signaling, not antagonism, and has sex-specific effects on BA metabolism. In male mice, UDCA reduces steatosis, liver injury markers, and fibrosis, while in females, it increases T-MCAs, potent FXR antagonists.
Researchers found that mitochondrial RNA can leak into healthy tissue, triggering inflammation and scarring. Inhibiting certain proteins enables mitochondrial RNA to escape, leading to less inflammation and healthier liver tissue.
This review systematically outlines deubiquitinases' roles in various liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It highlights their potential as therapeutic targets and emerging technologies for targeting DUBs.
A national survey of adults found that three-quarters support vaccinating newborns against hepatitis B, but Republicans are less likely to recommend the vaccine. The survey also found that most respondents believe the vaccine protects against liver disease, and there is little evidence justifying delaying vaccination.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University discovered that Fibulin-5 levels increase as liver fibrosis advances, enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment. This finding holds promise for developing a more accurate method to detect liver damage in chronic hepatitis C patients.
A global initiative has been launched to tackle glycolipid metabolic disorders, which are prevalent and linked to various chronic diseases. The initiative aims to improve public health education and develop an integrated screening-diagnosis-treatment-management system to prevent disease progression.
A study conducted at the University of California, Riverside, has uncovered a link between soybean oil consumption and obesity in mice. The research found that a genetically engineered group of mice on a high-fat diet rich in soybean oil did not gain weight, suggesting that the liver protein HNF4α plays a crucial role in fat metabolism.
A new electronic application highlights discrepancies between parents and children's views on the child's well-being, providing powerful insight into how children truly cope. This approach has broad implications beyond transplant medicine and may reshape patient-reported outcomes for pediatric chronic illnesses.
Researchers found that excess growth hormone disrupts liver metabolism, leading to molecular and cellular patterns similar to those in naturally aged livers. Reducing glycation stress can reverse these negative effects, improving liver health and physical function.
A new machine learning model predicts the time of death for organ donors, enabling more efficient liver transplants. The model outperformed surgeon judgment and reduced futile procurements by 60%, making the transplant process more efficient and potentially allowing more candidates to receive a transplant.
Researchers at UCSF used AI to analyze clinical notes from multiple providers to improve HRS diagnosis accuracy. The technology offers a unified summary of the care team's consensus, aligning care decisions and expediting treatment plans.
The study identifies biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome (BASM) as the most prevalent syndromic form of biliary atresia, associated with polysplenia, situs inversus, and vascular anomalies. Genetic analyses highlight PKD1L1 and CFC1 pathways involved in nodal signaling and cardiac development.
Steatotic liver disease, caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis, alcohol-related liver disease, and more, affects over 30% of adults worldwide. Emerging genetic variants like PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 modulate susceptibility to SLD, which progresses to cancer through cumulative genomic instability and immune dysregulation.
A multidisciplinary research team discovered that liver alterations associated with metabolic dysfunction can cause cognitive and neurological impairments. The effects were reversed by a therapy targeting the liver, establishing a 'liver-brain axis'. This finding opens up new therapeutic avenues for treating metabolic liver disease.
Researchers discovered a dual mechanism by which Oroxylin A inhibits SIRT7, reprogramming HSCs through PRMT5 succinylation-driven senescence and ecto-calreticulin-dependent NK cell immune clearance. This approach provides a promising candidate for anti-fibrotic therapy.
Researchers from Osaka Metropolitan University have discovered that Lawsone, a chemical derived from Lawsonia inermis, can reduce markers of liver fibrosis and promote antioxidant functions in hepatic stellate cells. The study suggests that Lawsone could be used to control and even reverse the effects of fibrosis.
A new study links exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a chemical used in dry cleaning and found in consumer products, to an increased risk of significant liver fibrosis. The study found that people exposed to PCE were three times more likely to develop the condition, regardless of other health factors.
Researchers have developed microscopic nanoparticles that can seek out and attach to damaged liver cells, helping to stop disease progression. The nanoparticles are engineered to recognize and selectively bind to a protein found only on Kupffer cells in the liver, promoting anti-inflammatory behavior and delivering medicine directly to...
A pioneering case of pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation has been successfully demonstrated, with the genetically engineered porcine liver functioning for an extended period in a human recipient. The patient survived for 171 days despite complications such as xenotransplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.
Researchers developed a novel real-time biosensing platform for detecting liver function impairment via WGM laser technology, enabling highly sensitive detection of ALT. The system uses functionalized liquid crystal microcavities to generate an optical response to pH variations induced by the ALT-catalyzed enzymatic reaction.
A new study reveals that both sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and low- or non-sugar-sweetened beverages (LNSSBs) are significantly associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Replacing either beverage with water significantly reduces MASLD risk.
The CityUHK team is developing two core therapeutic medicines using state-of-the-art DNA surgery technology to treat liver and cardiovascular genetic diseases. Their approach offers a durable and long-lasting solution, eliminating the need for repeated medications.
A simple blood analysis can predict the risk of developing severe liver disease, enabling earlier detection and potentially improving treatment outcomes. The CORE model, developed by Karolinska Institutet researchers, is based on three routine blood tests and has been shown to be highly accurate in predicting liver disease risk.
UCLA researchers have identified two key proteins, HuR and CEACAM1, that act as protective switches to prevent damage in damaged livers. By boosting this protection, organs deemed unsuitable for transplantation could be made suitable for use.
A new study found that high blood pressure, pre-diabetes or Type 2 diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol are the three deadliest cardiometabolic risk factors for MASLD patients, with risks of death increasing by 40%, 25%, and 15% respectively. The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to reach its conclu...
A genetic mutation found in East Asian people, ALDH2*2, impairs the detoxification of aldehydes produced by environmental exposure, leading to an 'aldehyde storm' that causes severe liver damage. Healthy choices like increasing antioxidants and limiting smoke exposure may reduce the risk.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that excessive alcohol alters an enzyme that recycles damaged proteins, leading to the accumulation of fat in liver cells. The study suggests that targeting this enzyme could prevent or treat fatty liver disease.
A new investigational drug, ION224, shows promise in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a serious form of fatty liver disease. By targeting the DGAT2 enzyme, the drug helps reduce fat buildup and inflammation, two major drivers of liver damage.
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine found that chronic alcohol use impairs gut bacterial regulation. This allows bacteria to migrate to the liver, worsening ALD. Targeting this mechanism with existing drugs may provide a new approach to minimizing liver damage from alcohol use.
Transthyretin amyloidosis has transitioned from a fatal underdiagnosed disease to one with multiple effective treatment avenues, including gene editing and targeted therapies that have shown significant improvements in neuropathy scores and quality of life. Ongoing clinical trials aim to halt and potentially reverse disease progression.
In acute liver failure and cirrhosis, adrenomedullin increases in circulating monocytes, while adrenomedullin binding protein decreases, leading to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. ADM restores MerTK expression after LPS stimulation, promoting a pro-restorative function.
The study demonstrates that modulating the vagus nerve can effectively halt the progression of cachexia, enhance chemotherapy outcomes, and improve survival in preclinical models. This intervention restores normal liver metabolism, reduces systemic inflammation, and alleviates cachectic symptoms.
The new guidelines introduce a pivotal terminology shift, replacing NAFLD with MASLD and NASH with MASH. MASLD is now grouped under the umbrella of "steatotic liver disease" (SLD), along with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and other causes.
Researchers developed a human liver organoid platform that closely replicates the liver's region-specific functional architecture, enabling disease modeling and drug screening. The system demonstrated high sensitivity in pharmacological assays and supported region-specific hepatocyte differentiation.
Researchers map the path from liver fibrosis to cancer, revealing how scarred liver tissue becomes a breeding ground for tumor growth. Key findings include the role of hepatic stellate cells and dysregulated signaling pathways in remodeling the liver into a pro-tumor environment.
Researchers found that vitamin D supplementation reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease by upregulating the TXNIP gene in ductular cells. The study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of liver diseases and offers a potential therapeutic target for improving outcomes.
A comprehensive review in Current Molecular Pharmacology explores the mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and emerging treatments. Effective strategies include antioxidant administration, surgical preconditioning, and herbal compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Researchers used machine learning to predict patient outcomes in hospitalized cirrhosis patients, outperforming traditional methods. The study found that AI can help hospital teams triage and prioritize patients more effectively.
A new study found that four high-risk population groups - women, adults 45 and older, those living in poverty, and people with metabolic syndrome - are driving the increase. The study also showed that average drinking rates remained unchanged over 20 years before the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study identifies ANXA2+ migratory hepatocytes as crucial for liver regeneration, highlighting their role in promoting wound closure and treating acute liver failure. The research also explores the therapeutic potential of targeting these cells, offering new avenues for regenerative medicine approaches in hepatology.
A new study from Weill Cornell Medicine sheds light on age-related liver changes that may lead to chronic diseases. The research reveals that aging disrupts the functional organization of liver cells, causing inflammation and impaired metabolism.
A novel 3D culture method enables self-organization of precursor cell types into functional liver organoids capable of producing essential clotting factors. The breakthrough advances organoid-based therapies, drug testing, and disease modeling for liver diseases, including hemophilia A.
The study found a significant increase in extremely severe obesity among US children and adolescents, leading to severe metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Extremely severe obesity was linked to conditions like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, prediabetes or diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.