Articles tagged with Sun
Astronomers using astroseismology have found that massive stars' rotation rates decrease with age, but a new study suggests this may not be the case. The research team used 3D simulations to investigate how magnetic fields affect rotation inside massive stars, revealing that some configurations can spin the core up.
Researchers at ISTA team present theoretical evidence that magnetic fields in stars can persist through all stages of evolution, emerging as 'fossil fields' at the surfaces of older remnants. This discovery sheds new light on our understanding of stellar magnetism and its relation to starquakes.
Scientists in Japan developed a high-resolution X-ray telescope using precision mirror-making technology, capable of distinguishing objects 3.5 mm wide from 1 km away. The telescope was tested on the ground using a unique evaluation system before launch on the FOXSI sounding rocket mission.
Researchers from Kyushu University used ALMA to observe a baby star producing a giant ring of gas about 1,000 au in size, which helps the star release excess energy. The team found that this ring is slightly warmer than its surroundings and hypothesize it's produced through magnetic field threading.
A recent study revealed that the solar superstorm caused a dramatic increase in electrons in two distinct layers of Mars' atmosphere at altitudes of around 110 and 130 km. The storm also triggered computer errors for both orbiters, but they recovered quickly due to their radiation-resistant components.
Researchers at Nagoya University found that magnetic fields keep the equator spinning faster than the poles in stars, preventing a rotation flip even as they slow down with age. This contradicts 45 years of theoretical predictions and could help scientists solve stellar mysteries.
Researchers analyzed over 40 years of astronomical data to find detectable changes inside the Sun during four quiet periods. The study reveals that even small differences in solar magnetic activity produce measurable changes in the Sun's internal structure.
A team of scientists used Solar Orbiter's instruments to capture a large solar flare in unprecedented detail. The observations revealed that the flare was triggered by initially weak disturbances that quickly became more violent, creating a 'sky' of raining plasma blobs.
Researchers at NJIT's Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research have pinpointed a previously unknown class of high-energy particles in the Sun's upper atmosphere responsible for generating intense gamma-ray signals during major solar flare events. These particles, energized to millions of electron volts, are linked to bremsstrahlung emissi...
SOHO has provided a nearly continuous record of our Sun's activity for close to three 11-year-long solar cycles. The mission has overcome challenges, including a critical error and failed gyroscopes, but continues to produce high-quality data on a daily basis.
The COSPAR 2025 Symposium released global guidelines on space weather, creating a unified language for scientists to share data and coordinate observations. The symposium also announced groundbreaking scientific discoveries, including AI-driven bioinformatics breakthroughs and insights into space hazards.
Scientists at NJIT's Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research tracked the impact of recent X-class solar flares on Earth's upper atmosphere. The flares triggered radio blackouts across Africa and Europe, producing auroras that reached unusually low latitudes, including as far south as Florida.
Researchers analyzed data from Solar Orbiter's PHI and EUI instruments to study the Sun's supergranulation and magnetic network at the south pole. The findings show that the magnetic field drifts towards the poles faster than expected, providing important clues about the Sun's global plasma and magnetic field circulation.
Researchers from Kyoto University have found multi-temperature coronal mass ejections from a young solar analogue, suggesting frequent strong CMEs could have driven life emergence on early planets. The study used simultaneous space- and ground-based observations to capture hot and cool plasma components.
Understanding Sun's polar magnetic fields and dynamic processes is essential for answering pressing questions in solar physics. The SPO mission aims to overcome past limitations by providing a true polar view.
The European Space Agency-led Solar Orbiter mission has split energetic particles into two groups, tracing them back to distinct solar outbursts. Researchers found that one type of particle is connected to intense solar flares and the other to larger coronal mass ejections.
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf has developed a model that derives the Sun's known activity cycles from the cyclical influence of the planets' tidal forces. This synchronization automatically curbs solar activity, leading to subdued radiation eruptions and reduced geomagnetic storms.
A new study using data from NASA's Parker Solar Probe confirms the presence of the 'helicity barrier', a previously theorized phenomenon that fundamentally changes how fluctuations dissipate and heat plasma. This discovery sheds light on properties of the solar wind, including its proton-hot electron-cold composition.
Researchers analyzed Junggar Basin sediments, revealing a previously unrecognized 1.6-million-year cycle in the carbon isotope record, distinct from the current grand eccentricity cycle. This variation provides concrete geological evidence of Solar System chaos and its impact on Earth's climate and carbon cycle.
CODEX observes high-energy particles and radiation from the Sun's corona, providing unprecedented data on solar activity. The findings reveal a complex interplay between magnetic fields and particle acceleration.
The PUNCH mission has successfully imaged a huge solar eruption, providing unprecedented views of coronal mass ejections and the solar wind. The spacecraft constellation is enabling scientists to better understand and predict space weather events that can disrupt communications and endanger satellites.
Scientists have observed ultra-narrow bright and dark stripes on the solar photosphere, offering unprecedented insight into how magnetic fields shape solar surface dynamics. These striations are linked to magnetic fluctuations that alter plasma density and opacity.
A new £5 million project will tackle fundamental questions in solar physics by simulating the Sun's radiation and atmospheric conditions. The Solar Atmospheric Modelling Suite (SAMS) aims to build a next-generation modelling tool for the solar atmosphere, capturing its complex dynamics.
A new perspective study explores how shortwave radiation interacts with the Earth's atmosphere, shedding light on atmospheric modeling, satellite measurement gaps, and spectral structure. The research reveals key challenges and opportunities for improving fundamental understanding of Earth systems.
The Inouye Solar Telescope has begun analyzing the Sun with its new spectro-polarimeter, VTF, which can determine crucial properties of plasma flows and magnetic fields. The instrument offers unprecedented spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution to study the dynamic nature of our star.
Researchers analyzed Trans-Neptunian Objects using the James Webb Space Telescope, finding two distinct groups with varying surface ice methanol presence. The discovery sheds light on the formation and evolution of these distant icy worlds, revealing insights into the solar system's origins and potentially habitable exoplanets.
The PUNCH mission has successfully collected its first images of the solar corona using four small spacecraft that act as a single virtual instrument. The images show the outer atmosphere of the Sun in stunning detail, with scientists aiming to remove background light and preserve the faint signal of the solar wind.
The NRL's Narrow Field Imager (NFI) has captured its first light images, primarily focused on calibrating the instrument and confirming pointing accuracy. The NFI will enable scientists to study the Sun's corona in unprecedented detail, helping to understand and predict coronal mass ejections.
The Parker Solar Probe team was awarded the 2024 Robert J. Collier Trophy for its innovative technology advancements and historic close approaches to the Sun. The mission has greatly advanced our understanding of solar science and space weather events, with lasting benefits for Earth's power grids and astronauts.
The NRL-developed Narrow Field Imager is a compact coronagraph that will image the transition of the Sun's atmosphere to the solar wind, gaining insights into space plasma environments. The PUNCH mission aims to improve prediction and mitigation of space weather events like coronal mass ejections.
The PUNCH spacecraft will study the solar corona and track space weather events in three dimensions for the first time. The constellation includes four small suitcase-sized spacecraft that will provide a clear view of the Sun's outer atmosphere, allowing scientists to discern the exact trajectory and speed of coronal mass ejections.
The EZIE mission will use a new measurement technique to study the electrojets, which can create large magnetic disturbances and power outages. By mapping the electrojets' structure and evolution, scientists hope to improve predictions of hazardous space weather.
Researchers developed a liquid fertilizer replacing unsustainable chemical fertilizers with organic waste, producing up to 100% of nitrogen and 77% of phosphorus. The method also increases phosphorus solubility by adjusting pH levels.
Researchers at Harvard University used photochemical modeling to simulate how ancient Mars' climate was affected by atmospheric chemistry and crustal hydration. They found that episodic warm spells were driven by crustal hydration, leading to the buildup of hydrogen in the atmosphere.
Dale Gary, a distinguished professor of physics at NJIT's Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, has been named an American Astronomical Society Fellow. He is recognized for his national and international leadership in solar radio engineering and physics, advancing our understanding of solar energetic processes.
The PUNCH mission will integrate understanding of the Sun's corona and solar wind. The constellation will deploy in polar orbit, enabling scientists to routinely see and understand the solar wind.
Scientists have identified flickering loops in the solar atmosphere that signal impending solar flares. The loops' brightness variability can be measured to predict flares with up to 80% accuracy, potentially providing 2-6 hours of warning time for astronauts and technology.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire developed an AI-powered algorithm to categorize over 706 million aurora images from NASA's THEMIS data set. This labeled database can help scientists better understand and forecast geomagnetic storms that disrupt vital communications and security infrastructure.
The spacecraft successfully completed its record-breaking closest approach to the solar surface on December 24, 2024, flying just 3.8 million miles above the surface at a speed of 430,000 miles per hour. This pass allows scientists to conduct unrivaled scientific measurements with the potential to change our understanding of the Sun.
The development of magnetometers by Southwest Research Institute will measure the interplanetary magnetic field carried by the solar wind and provide critical data for NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center. The instruments will help mitigate space weather impacts on electrical power grids, satellite communication, and navigation systems.
A new study reveals that sun-like stars experience superflares approximately once per century, releasing massive amounts of energy in short periods. This finding suggests that the Sun's long-term behavior may be more frequent than previously thought, with implications for forecasting dangerous space weather.
Researchers at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH measure half-life of thallium-205 ion decay to understand Sun's long-term stability and its connection to Earth's climate. The experiment, known as LOREX, provides insights into the Sun's evolutionary history.
Scientists report early results from NASA-funded solar eclipse experiments, capturing detailed images of the Sun's corona and studying its effects on the atmosphere and ionosphere. The experiments involved citizen scientists, amateur radio operators, and aircraft observations, providing valuable data for future research.
Researchers used rare data from a 2012 Venus solar transit to validate techniques for studying small exoplanets' atmospheres, similar to that of Venus. The study reveals signs of carbon dioxide in the Venusian atmosphere, which can be used to differentiate it from Earth's atmosphere.
Researchers at University of Arizona discovered a spike in carbon-14 dating to 664 B.C., pinpointing the last known extreme solar storm event. The study provides crucial data for scientists studying sun's activity and offers insights into massive storms' effects on Earth's atmosphere.
SwRI's novel Space Weather Solar Coronagraph (SwSCOR) will provide early detection and characterization of Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs), helping to predict geomagnetic storms and protect Earth assets. The instrument suite includes rapid data reduction software, delivering processed images to NOAA forecasters within minu...
Scientists analyzed particles from asteroid Ryugu, revealing a weak magnetic field that likely pulled matter inward to form the outer planetary bodies. The team estimates that such a low-grade field intensity would have been enough to play a role in giant planet formation, from Jupiter to Neptune.
The Coronal Diagnostic Experiment (CODEX) will block out the Sun's surface light to observe details in its outer atmosphere, providing new insights into the solar wind. By measuring temperature, speed, and density, scientists will gain a fuller picture of the solar wind's evolution.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a link between lightning storms on Earth and high-energy electrons in space. The team found that lightning strikes can knock these 'killer electrons' out of the inner radiation belt, which could pose a threat to satellites and astronauts.
An international team produced global maps of the coronal magnetic field using a new instrument called UCoMP. The observations are providing valuable insights into the processes that drive intense solar storms impacting technologies and lives on Earth.
Researchers from University of Texas at Arlington have identified 206 systems of interest for potential habitability, including one system where the planet is always situated in the HZ. The team analyzed data from NASA Exoplanet Archive and found F-type stars to be a promising case for life beyond Earth.
Researchers at NJIT's Institute for Space Weather Sciences and Ying Wu College of Computing are developing an AI-powered space weather forecasting system called SolarDM. The system uses synthetic vector magnetograms to provide critical data for predicting solar eruptions, which could offer a three-day forecast horizon.
Snowmelt rates vary by slope orientation and receive varying amounts of solar radiation. The study found that burned south-facing slopes accumulate less snow and melt earlier than other aspects due to increased solar radiation absorption. This understanding will improve models and tools for water managers.
Scientists have discovered how the Sun's supersonic solar wind receives energy, thanks to a lucky alignment of NASA and ESA spacecraft. The fastest solar winds are powered by magnetic switchbacks, which deposit enough energy to account for heating and acceleration in the solar wind.
Scientists at the DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have directly observed magneto-Rayleigh Taylor instabilities in plasma, which could aid in understanding how black holes produce vast intergalactic jets. The observation confirms that magnetic fields play a crucial role in forming these jets.
A study suggests that higher levels of UV radiation in areas with limited sunshine are associated with a drop in deaths due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Sunbed use was also found to be linked to a reduced risk of these deaths, but further research is needed to confirm the findings.
Two proposed UK space missions, led by the University of Leicester, will investigate the Sun's impact on atmospheres, space weather and habitability. Elfen will study Earth's magnetosphere, while SIRIUS will analyze stellar winds and their effects on exoplanetary environments.
Researchers at Aberystwyth University have made a breakthrough in predicting the speed of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their arrival time on Earth. This discovery improves our ability to forecast space weather events, providing crucial advance warnings for protecting vital technological systems.
Astronomers have uncovered 21 neutron stars in wide orbits around stars like our Sun, revealing the first dark neutron star population. The discovery was made possible by the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, which scanned the sky and measured wobbles of over a billion stars.
A new definition of a planet is proposed to replace the outdated IAU definition, which requires orbiting our sun. The new definition includes being unrestrained by the bounds of our solar system and provides quantitative criteria for defining planets.