Articles tagged with Melanoma
Researchers found that nerves of the sympathetic nervous system inhibit tumor growth by reducing local tumor-supportive macrophages, a type of immune cell. The findings may inform future therapeutic strategies targeting sympathetic nerves within tumors or alpha adrenergic receptors on tumor-associated macrophages.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that age at initial diagnosis, sex, and type of first cancer significantly affect the risk of developing a subsequent primary cancer. Older age and male sex were associated with a higher risk, while survivors of lung, bladder, and skin melanoma were also at increased risk.
Researchers found that tumor genetics alone did not explain which patients responded to combination therapy, but rather the tumor's immune environment. Patients with active networks of cancer-killing T cells were more likely to benefit from treatment, while those with dense clusters of plasma cells were less likely.
Researchers found that younger mice had lower cancer spread, while middle-aged mice were more likely to experience aggressive melanoma. Middle-aged mice also had fewer immune cells called gamma delta (γδ) T cells, which help prevent cancer from spreading.
Researchers developed a platform called PerturbFate to map genetic variations and identify common control points driving changes in cell behavior. The study shows that targeting these shared regulatory nodes can lead to combination therapies for complex diseases like cancer, with potential applications beyond melanoma drug resistance.
A new study reveals that cancer cells may begin escaping therapy much earlier, triggered by a stress response that drives them into a temporary drug-tolerant state. Researchers identified an early molecular trigger: NF-κB, which acts as a regulator of cellular stress and survival.
Researchers from UT MD Anderson Cancer Center present studies on single-cell technologies, integrative computational approaches, and experimental therapeutics, highlighting innovations in mRNA vaccines and spatial multi-omics techniques. The studies aim to improve immunotherapy responses and detect treatment-resistant glioma cells.
A landmark study of 100,000 Queensland residents found that the incidence of second primary invasive cutaneous melanomas has plateaued after a decades-long rise. The stabilization is attributed to the cumulative impact of long-running sun safety campaigns and increased skin cancer surveillance.
Researchers developed first-in-class dual HIF inhibitors that, when combined with immunotherapy, can completely eliminate breast, colorectal, melanoma, and prostate tumors in mice. The drugs target HIF-1/2 transcription factors, which are key regulators of cancer progression.
Researchers found that the three-drug combination increased autophagosome formation and autophagic flux in uveal melanoma cells, killing them via enhanced autophagy. The study suggests a potential therapeutic approach for treating metastatic uveal melanoma, particularly in liver-targeted disease.
AI systems demonstrate comparable diagnostic accuracy to dermatologists for melanoma detection, potentially enhancing performance when used as a decision-support tool. However, the risk of bias and limited generalizability of current studies highlight the need for broader validation in unselected patient populations.
The ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group has completed enrollment of 600 patients in the phase 2/3 trial EA6141, evaluating dual checkpoint blockade with nivolumab and ipilimumab plus sargramostim for unresectable stage 3 or 4 melanoma. The trial aims to assess overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment tolerability.
Recent research from the University of Eastern Finland reveals that pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages accelerate melanoma progression through extracellular vesicle secretion. These vesicles contain inflammatory mediators that activate cancer cells, creating a favourable environment for tumour growth and invasiveness.
Researchers found that sunscreens with the same SPF of 50 and active ingredients can range from $0.04 to $3.79 per application, highlighting huge variations depending on product price and skin exposure.
A new study found that acral melanoma, a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer, varies among individuals with distinct gene expressions linked to different outcomes. The research analyzed the genetic makeup of over 100 tumours from Mexican patients and uncovered three groups showing unique patterns of gene activity.
A new study found that a key protein HOXD13 drives melanoma tumor cells' ability to grow with oxygen and nutrients. The researchers also discovered that HOXD13 suppresses the activity of cytotoxic T cells, which recognize cancer cells as abnormal and kill them.
Researchers at Oregon State University developed a new nanoparticle that enables the removal of melanoma tumors with a low-power laser. The system uses resonance energy transfer to heat up and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy tissue.
A study of US veterans has identified a possible link between exposure to Agent Orange and acral melanoma, a rare form of skin cancer. The researchers found that veterans exposed to the herbicide had a 30% higher odds of developing this type of melanoma.
Researchers have established that Candida albicans fungus makes melanoma more aggressive by activating signaling pathways and creating conditions for malignant cells to acquire oxygen and energy. The study's findings suggest potential new avenues for cancer treatment using antifungal therapies.
Researchers at UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center developed a new zinc oxide formulation that significantly reduces the white, chalky cast associated with traditional mineral sunscreens. The tetrapod-shaped particles provide strong protection against UV radiation while staying evenly distributed in the sunscreen.
A new clinical trial shows that treating desmoplastic melanoma with immunotherapy before surgery dramatically shrinks or eliminates tumors, improving quality of life for patients. The study found that 71% of patients had no detectable cancer remaining at the time of surgery.
Researchers discovered a mechanism allowing melanoma cancer cells to paralyze immune cells by secreting extracellular vesicles, which can disrupt immune cell activity and even kill them. This breakthrough has promising therapeutic implications, enabling strengthening of immune cells and blocking molecules that enable vesicle adhesion.
Researchers found that indoor tanning users in their 30s and 40s have more skin mutations than people twice their age, particularly in areas exposed to tanning beds. This can lead to an increased risk of skin cancer, including melanoma.
A new study led by Northwestern University finds that tanning bed use increases melanoma risk by almost threefold, with DNA changes detected in areas protected from sun exposure. The study's findings support a broader field of DNA injury caused by tanning beds.
A new study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that lower doses of approved immunotherapy drugs can give better results against tumours, while reducing side effects. The regimen with the lower dose of ipilimumab was more effective, with a higher proportion of patients responding to treatment and longer overall survival.
A study published by Lund University suggests that tattoos could be a risk factor for melanoma. Researchers found a 29% increased relative risk among tattooed individuals compared to non-tattooed individuals. The link may be due to the immune system's response to tattoo ink, which can lead to exposure to potential carcinogens.
Researchers have identified a protein complex that drives T cell exhaustion in tumors and show that disrupting it can revive exhausted anti-tumor CTLs. The study's findings offer new hope for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
A deep learning system developed by Incheon National University integrates images and clinical details to improve early skin cancer diagnosis. The model achieved 94.5% accuracy, outperforming popular image-only models.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati Cancer Center found a promising combination of immunotherapy medications that helps overcome treatment resistance in refractory melanoma patients. The IGNYTE trial results showed increased immune response and tumor activation in approximately one-third of patients.
Researchers have discovered a new way to understand cancer and its vulnerabilities by targeting FSP1, a protein that helps cancer cells survive. The study found that FSP1 inhibitors can effectively reduce the growth of metastatic melanoma cells in lymph nodes.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center report the first clinical activity of a RAS inhibitor in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma, achieving complete and partial responses in two patients. The therapy blocks downstream signaling that drives tumor growth and immune escape, while activating the immune system to fight cancer.
A UCLA study finds that DNA copy-number changes enable melanoma cells to resist immune attacks, leading to tumor relapse. The researchers suggest a strategy to make tumors more prone to self-destruction after immune attacks, potentially extending the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
A new genomic test can identify people with melanoma as being at low or high risk of cancer spreading to their lymph nodes. The test uses gene expression profiles from a tumor sample, eliminating the need for additional biopsies, and may help guide treatment decisions.
A team of researchers developed a battery-free wearable patch that measures bioimpedance to detect skin lesions, distinguishing between healthy and abnormal skin. The patch's effectiveness was tested on 10 volunteers, showing significant differences between healthy and suspicious moles.
Researchers discovered craters on the surface of melanoma cells that serve as immune hubs and facilitate local tumor killing. These structures, termed CRATERs, may serve as a more accurate marker of immunotherapy's success in treating solid tumors.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have developed a nanoparticle-based vaccine that prevents melanoma, pancreatic and triple-negative breast cancer in mice. The vaccine achieved remarkable survival rates, with up to 88% of vaccinated mice remaining tumor-free.
A new nurse-led model in Australia is utilizing primary care nurses trained in dermoscopy and AI to detect suspicious skin lesions, resulting in over 1200 screenings and 96 suspected melanoma cases. The initiative aims to bridge healthcare gaps and save thousands of lives by empowering nurses to lead skin cancer detection.
Commercial sunbeds are being touted as integral to wellness by social media, despite causing melanoma and other skin cancers. Experts argue that a ban is necessary to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the national skin cancer burden.
Researchers at Sutter's California Pacific Medical Center have identified potential new therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced melanoma who no longer respond to immunotherapy. The study found several druggable genes and pathways, including those involved in MAPK signaling, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.
The study found a significant association between higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and increased risks of nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma, and other skin cancers. Risks were highest in males, older adults, and individuals with obesity.
Researchers found that pembrolizumab shrank or eliminated tumors in nearly 90% of participants with desmoplastic melanoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer. The therapy offers a less invasive approach compared to surgery or radiation.
Researchers have identified a protein called eIF2A that plays a crucial role in guiding melanoma cancer cells as they spread throughout the body. Targeting this protein could be a new approach to impede metastasis and improve healthcare outcomes for patients with melanoma.
A recent study identified four genes associated with treatment resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma patients. The genes, CD24, NFIL3, FN1, and KLRK1, were found to be linked to mechanisms of immune evasion and suppression of the inflammatory response. Patients with high expression of these genes had significantly lower overall survi...
Weill Cornell Medicine researchers found that PD-1 plays a critical role in forming long-term immune defenders in the skin. Blocking PD-1 too early can disrupt this process, leading to side effects. The study challenges current understanding of PD-1 and may impact cancer treatments.
A novel formulation and delivery approach for the NeoVax personalized cancer vaccine improved immune responses in patients with melanoma. The updated vaccine demonstrated strong vaccine-specific immune responses and cytotoxic responses by special T cells called CD-8+ T cells.
A Phase II study found that 87% of patients with stage III melanoma remained alive and disease-free four years after treatment with nivolumab and relatlimab. Researchers identified unique biomarkers associated with better outcomes, including high TIGIT levels and low B7-H3 levels.
A genetically engineered herpes simplex virus, RP1, shows promise in treating advanced melanoma when combined with immunotherapy. In a phase 1-2 clinical trial, one-third of patients experienced significant tumor shrinkage or disappearance, offering hope to those with untreatable cancer.
Researchers at Lund University have identified a potential therapeutic breakthrough for melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. By targeting mitochondrial energy production and protein synthesis, existing antibiotics and inhibitors can effectively eliminate cancer cells while sparing healthy skin cells.
A research team developed an AI-based classification system using InceptionResNetV2 and DenseNet121 to identify five types of facial pigmented lesions. The system demonstrated high diagnostic accuracies compared to board-certified and non-certified dermatologists, with potential as a diagnostic support tool for clinical practice.
A study found that male patients, those of older age, individuals with lower and higher socioeconomic status levels, and those speaking languages other than English were at higher risk for ED presentations after skin cancer diagnosis. The prevalence of ED presentation was 29% in Australian patients.
Researchers discovered that aggressive melanomas overactivate mitochondrial pathways, which can be targeted by antibiotics and energy-production inhibitors. The findings suggest a new therapeutic vulnerability in melanoma cells, highlighting the safety and specificity of these treatment approaches.
Researchers found that cytotoxic NK cells can prevent T cells from attacking tumors in patients resistant to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Targeting these cells could lead to more effective immunotherapy.
Researchers identified five adenosine phosphate signaling subtypes in melanoma, associated with immune activation and improved response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The Adenosine Phosphate Signaling Model predicts prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes, offering new biomarker and therapeutic strategies for solid tumors.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute have discovered a way to enhance immunotherapy for NRAS-mutant melanoma. Blocking nitrosylation triggers immunogenic cell death, attracting immune cells to destroy cancer cells and limiting tumor growth.
Researchers used AI-driven methods to analyze thousands of digital images of melanoma tumor tissue, identifying key immune cell structures that boost immunotherapy effects. The presence of these structures was linked to significantly better overall survival for patients with advanced melanoma.
A new study found that a gene-based blood test can accurately predict skin cancer recurrence in stage III melanoma patients. The test measures circulating tumor DNA levels to identify those most likely to respond well to therapy.
Researchers found that GSK3β becomes increasingly active in melanoma cells during treatment, helping them survive and adapt despite BRAF inhibitors. Treating resistant cancer cells with a GSK3β inhibitor significantly reduced their growth, suggesting blocking this protein could restore sensitivity to treatment.
A small protein involved in neurodegeneration leading to Parkinson's disease also drives a type of skin cancer known as melanoma, according to new research. The study suggests new avenues for drug development to reduce the risk of developing both diseases by targeting alpha-synuclein.
A Rice University-led team developed an implantable 'cytokine factory' that triggers potent immune responses against hard-to-treat cancers. The IL-12 cytokine factory successfully induces the recruitment of tumor-targeting T cells, eliminating local and distal tumors in preclinical models.
A new study found that blocking an enzyme called HPGDS may be a way to improve melanoma treatment for patients who don't respond to immunotherapy. The enzyme promotes tumor growth and metastasis dissemination by blocking T-cell activity, but blocking it boosts the immune response.