Articles tagged with Immune Disorders
Researchers at Kyoto University developed a PET tracer to quantify beta cell mass in type 1 diabetes patients, revealing lower uptake in those with the disease. This measurement was inversely related to hemoglobin A1c and total daily insulin dose, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive readout of residual beta cell mass.
Scientists have identified specific proteins in common food sources like corn, soy, and wheat that signal to the immune system that they are safe to eat. Regulatory T cells, also known as Tregs, play a key role in this process, scanning food for these key proteins and calming the immune system when they find them.
Researchers have identified three new proteins, called epitopes, that help the body determine 'safe' foods, aiding in food tolerance and allergy understanding. The epitopes were found in seed proteins from corn, wheat, and soybean, and interact with regulatory T cells to inform tolerance-or-rejection decisions.
A comprehensive review synthesizes the science behind vagus nerve modulation therapies, which use controlled signals to influence brain circuits and inflammation. The authors identify key mechanisms and propose next-generation treatments tailored to individual patients and conditions.
A new $1.7 million NIH grant will support Carol Webb's research on the protein ARID3a and its role in lupus development and treatment. The study aims to identify genes controlled by ARID3a, understand how it disrupts the immune system, and test potential treatments.
Researchers have developed a painless skin patch that samples key immune cells from the skin, offering a new way to monitor immune health. The device detects inflammatory signals and collects immune cells without invasive procedures.
A survey of 1,998 US adolescents aged 10-19 found nearly 1 in 3 have diabetes or prediabetes. Waist-to-height ratio emerged as the strongest independent predictor of these conditions.
Scientists at the University of Delaware discovered a previously unknown structural role for the HIV integrase protein, which forms gluey filaments that anchor the RNA genome to the capsid. This discovery provides a promising new target for drug development and could lead to the development of next-generation inhibitors.
A Cornell University study reveals that an existing FDA-approved drug, AMD3100, can prevent the sequestration of immune T cells from tumors, allowing them to attack cancer cells. The treatment shows promise for fibrolamellar carcinoma, a rare and fatal liver cancer with no cure.
Insilico Medicine and CMS announce multiple collaborations on AI-empowered drug discovery in central nervous system and autoimmune diseases. The partnerships aim to accelerate research, development, and translation of high-potential innovative therapies, leveraging complementary strengths across the entire value chain.
Researchers used AI to analyze RNA sequences from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), uncovering four distinct molecular patterns or 'endotypes' that drive disease. These patterns suggest different immune system behaviors and may require tailored treatments, offering a more personalized approach to APS care.
A new review introduces a chronological and probabilistic model to explain the recurrence of autoimmune skin diseases like vitiligo. The model proposes that full disease manifestation is the outcome of genetic susceptibility and a series of environmental or internal biological hits.
A new study found that while the number of pancreatitis-associated deaths among the elderly decreased between 1992 and 2021, the total cases rose significantly due to population growth. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 fell from 100.21 in 1992 to 85.20 in 2021.
A recent study from Penn State College of Medicine researchers found that helper T cells, typically involved in fighting infections, become overly activated in failing human hearts, causing damage. The activation of these T cells highlights the impact of inflammation and immune dysfunction in heart failure.
Salk Institute scientists discover that dietary supplementation of the amino acid methionine protects infected mice against inflammation-related wasting, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and death. Methionine boosts kidney filtration, reducing circulating cytokine levels and improving disease outcomes.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown mechanism that can reduce the risk of allergies and asthma in children. Certain bifidobacteria produce a substance called 4-hydroxyphenyl lactate (4-OH-PLA), which dampens immune responses to allergens, reducing the production of IgE antibodies.
Researchers identify a concrete biological mechanism that triggers MS, focusing on B cells and Epstein-Barr virus. This understanding may help guide future strategies to prevent or treat MS.
Researchers have identified a new class of molecules that specifically degrade the cancer-promoting enzyme IDO1, offering a potential solution to enhance checkpoint-based immunotherapy. These IDO1 degraders may overcome limitations of previous inhibitors and open new avenues for treating various types of cancers.
A study of over 300 stool samples found that gut-microbe-derived bile acids may play a role in shaping the immune system during early childhood. The findings suggest an imbalance in how gut microbes co-produce these compounds, which could link to signs of type 1 diabetes.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine/CDC study found no difference in linkage-to-care rates for HIV patients if next-day testing is done to quantify viral load. Despite this, participants living with HIV had higher linkage-to-care rates when receiving viral load results sooner than a day after testing.
The Algae for Health in Food and Pharma summit explores the latest developments in algae cultivation and processing, food innovation, and pharmaceutical applications. The event aims to advance the understanding of algae's health potential and highlight its applications across the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
Researchers develop comprehensive method to connect diseases with underlying genetic machinery, revealing intricate gene networks that influence complex traits. The new technique provides actionable insights into how specific genes affect cell functions, shedding light on biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of Iowa Health Care have developed a new class of medication, pegcetacoplan, which directly targets the root cause of C3 glomerulopathy, a rare and severe kidney disease. The treatment has shown significant results, with up to 67% of children achieving complete remission and stabilization of kidney function.
Researchers at MIT have developed a shoebox-sized device that can measure blood glucose levels using Raman spectroscopy, potentially replacing finger pricks for people with diabetes. The device's accuracy is similar to that of commercially available continuous glucose monitoring sensors.
The study demonstrates that fexofenadine reduces cartilage degradation, inflammation, and senescence in mice models for OA and IVDD. Pharmacological inhibition of cPLA2 preserves cartilage structure and improves behavioral outcomes.
A Garvan-led clinical trial has found that using metformin, a common type 2 diabetes medication, reduces the amount of insulin needed to maintain blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes. The study suggests that metformin may serve as an affordable treatment option for people with type 1 diabetes.
Researchers at LJI have discovered a cellular driver that leads to the development of tissue-resident memory T cells, which specialize in defending specific organs. The study found that GPR25 sustains TGF-\u00b2 signaling, promoting differentiation and transformation into these specialized immune cells.
Two first-in-class antibodies, C01 and C04, have been developed to inhibit inflammation in autoimmune diseases by blocking the high-affinity IgG receptor FcγRI. The antibodies were discovered using a unique immunization method and exhibit higher affinity for FcγRI than human IgG.
A Rutgers Health-led study found that Medicaid expansion increased PrEP prescriptions overall, but racial disparities in access persisted. White Americans received the most PrEP prescriptions (94%), while Black and Hispanic communities were underrepresented, with 13% and 24% respectively.
A 47-year-old man from New Jersey died after consuming beef due to a tick-borne meat allergy caused by the Lone Star tick's alpha-gal sugar. Researchers identified the allergy and its link to fatal anaphylaxis, urging physicians to investigate severe abdominal pain after eating red meat in areas with high Lone Star tick populations.
Autoimmune hepatitis is often associated with other autoimmune conditions, including thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatologic disorders. The study highlights the need for precise diagnostic criteria and interdisciplinary management strategies to optimize outcomes in patients with multi-organ autoi...
Scientists have discovered that immune cells shed their glycocalyx layer to move into tissues, changing the understanding of inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis. This finding may lead to new approaches in developing drugs targeting immune cell movement and treating infections and inflammatory diseases.
A University of Houston researcher identifies a protein that may reduce high ketone levels in diabetic patients, potentially improving health outcomes. The study also shows that the protein promotes muscle ketolysis and running capacity in mice.
Pennington Biomedical researchers will participate in numerous panels and presentations during the conference, sharing their latest findings on obesity treatment and prevention. The institution is well-represented at the event, with faculty members among the experts leading courses, presentations, and speaker panels.
Salk Institute researchers have determined the structure of HIV's integrase protein during its newly discovered function, enabling the development of better HIV therapeutics. The study reveals a surprising flexibility in the protein's architecture, which can interact with both DNA and RNA, paving the way for new integrase-targeting drugs.
Researchers have identified 57 unique proteins in urine that can indicate active damage to the kidneys, enabling non-invasive monitoring of lupus nephritis. This breakthrough could transform diagnosis and treatment for millions worldwide affected by systemic lupus erythematosus.
The US needs a new strategy for insurance coverage and access to cell and gene therapies due to high up-front costs. In contrast, Europe has approved 19 CGTs with most being reimbursed within two years of approval based on demonstrated added therapeutic value.
A new lab-designed protein has been discovered to regulate blood glucose levels, offering a potential new treatment avenue for people with Type 1 diabetes. The substance combines insulin and glucagon into one molecule, signaling the liver to respond naturally.
A study led by Julie Pilitsis, MD, PhD, found a possible connection between chronic pain and eosinophilia, a white blood cell condition, in patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation or implanted pain medicine pumps. The study suggests that eosinophilia may be an immune biomarker for chronic pain.
A new study found that breastfeeding until six months of age helps babies fight off infections and reduce chronic inflammation. The researchers identified specific lipids in breast milk, such as plasmalogens, which appear to lower inflammation and improve immune health.
A new survey found that 72% of respondents agree that plasma-derived medicines can save lives, but most haven't donated. Plasma is essential in producing treatments for various serious health conditions.
A newly identified antibody, 04_A06, has been found to block 98.5% of over 300 different HIV strains in laboratory tests. In humanized mice models, the antibody reduced viral load to undetectable levels, offering a promising approach for HIV prevention and treatment.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered that ALS is likely caused by an autoimmune reaction triggered by inflammatory CD4+ T cells targeting specific proteins in the nervous system. Anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cells may slow disease progression and prolong survival times.
Researchers discovered widespread inflammation, immune cell dysfunction, and cellular reprogramming in people at risk for RA. The study identified new biologic targets for prevention and ways to improve treatments.
A study in mice found that maternal consumption of emulsifiers can alter the gut microbiota of their offspring, leading to increased risk of chronic inflammatory gut disorders and obesity. The research highlights the importance of regulating food additives, particularly in powdered baby formulas, to prevent long-term health consequences.
A study by the CNRS-led research team highlights the key role of Tat, a viral protein that blocks autophagy, promoting Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival and multiplication. Restoring autophagy mechanism could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for better protection against tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients.
Researchers from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified a common process that powers the creation of protein formations that assemble like a 3D puzzle, triggering inflammation and cell death. This 'Catch-22' mechanism may be one of the fundamental reasons why we age.
A new study from the University of Birmingham has found that immune ageing may be a driver of rheumatoid arthritis rather than a consequence of the disease. The research detected features of immune system ageing in the earliest stages of RA, even before clinical diagnosis, suggesting that early intervention is possible.
Researchers mapped the surface envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retroviruses, opening doors to new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The study revealed specific antibodies that target the viral proteins, potentially leading to new cancer immunotherapies and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Scientists have created a detailed map of cell behavior in the small intestine of people with coeliac disease using single-cell RNA sequencing. The study found that immune signals from immune system proteins encourage fibroblasts to support changes in the gut lining, suggesting communication between cells plays a key role in the disease.
Scientists have developed a monoclonal antibody to combat life-threatening inflammatory diseases like sepsis and ARDS. The antibody shows promise in blocking the immune system's hyperactive response and restoring healthy function without unwanted side effects.
The Mount Sinai Hospital has launched the country's first clinical manual for treating infection-associated chronic illnesses (IACIs), a comprehensive guide for diagnosis and care. The manual covers extensive learnings from the Cohen Center and provides practical strategies for clinicians to support patients with conditions such as lon...
Researchers at Cornell University developed an implant system that can treat Type 1 diabetes by supplying extra oxygen to densely packed insulin-secreting cells, enabling long-term treatment for chronic diseases. The system could also potentially provide treatment for other autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that neutralizing the TSLP protein significantly improves Eosinophilic Esophagitis symptoms, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy. The study's findings may also have implications for other allergic disorders.
Researchers found that children unexposed to HIV had higher taxonomic turnover in their oral microbiomes, indicating less adaptability to environmental changes. Children living with HIV had more stable oral microbiomes and higher frequencies of cavity-causing bacteria.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology examine how genetics, sex hormones, and environmental factors shape the immune system. Women have a stronger immune response due to their XX chromosomes and estrogen, but also face an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered that our bodies add sugars to RNA, shielding it from the immune system. This 'sugarcoating' prevents inflammation and helps clean up dead cells.
A new study shows that delivering a single injection of gene therapy at birth may offer years-long protection against HIV. The treatment uses an adeno-associated virus to deliver instructions to muscle cells, which produce broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple strains of HIV.
Research reveals that prenatal PFAS exposure can alter infants' developing immune systems, leading to lasting imprints on their ability to fight disease. Exposure to low levels of PFAS was associated with changes in key T-cell populations, including T follicular helper cells and regulatory T cells.
A team of researchers at KAIST has identified a specialized gut-brain pathway for glucose sensing, which plays a central role in maintaining energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. This discovery opens up new therapeutic possibilities for metabolic diseases.