Genetic Epidemiology
Articles tagged with Genetic Epidemiology
Genetic study in Indians finds new pathways involved in cardiometabolic disease
A study of 3,000 Punjabi Sikhs identified new molecular pathways contributing to cardiovascular disease, including a link between lipid metabolites and immune cell signaling. These findings offer insights into diverse molecular origins of cardiometabolic disease and potential pathways for designing innovative therapies.
A new era for nutritional epidemiology: researchers outline blueprint for precision and sustainable diets
Researchers outline blueprint for precision nutrition and sustainable diets, integrating AI, multi-omics and digital twin technology to provide personalized dietary recommendations and address environmental impact.
Being physically fit helps prevent diseases
A new study confirms a direct link between good physical fitness and reduced risk of suffering from over 30 diseases. Individuals with high genetic predisposition to be physically fit exhibit lower risks of cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and asthma, while also showing better health in metabolic and inflammatory aspects.
Widespread temptations bad news for people with a high risk of diabetes
A recent study found that people with a high genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes are increasingly developing the disease, possibly due to societal changes such as easy access to unhealthy foods and sedentary leisure activities. In contrast, individuals with low genetic risk remained protected throughout the study period.
Use of controversial weedkiller inadvertently selects for drug-resistant bacteria that can spread to hospitals
Scientists have found evidence that glyphosate, a widely used weedkiller, can select for drug-resistant bacteria that can thrive in agricultural areas and then spread to hospitals. The study revealed that bacterial strains from hospital infections with extreme drug resistance showed high resistance to glyphosate and its byproducts.
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology highlights new and open colorectal cancer trials in March
The Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology is spotlighting new trials for colorectal cancer in March, focusing on early detection methods and treatments for treatment delays and loss of appetite. The trials aim to improve patient outcomes, with several enrolling patients with newly diagnosed colon or rectal cancer.
How age, sex and genetics shape our antibodies
A study found that age, biological sex, and human genetic factors determine the quantity and specificity of antibodies produced in response to viral infections. The research has significant implications for vaccine and therapeutic design, as it shows that individual profiles can be tailored to improve treatment effectiveness.
Eleven genetic variants affect gut microbiome
Researchers identified 11 genetic regions influencing gut bacteria and roles they play, including connections to gluten intolerance, haemorrhoids, and cardiovascular diseases. The study analyzed genetic data from over 28,000 individuals, providing insights into the complex relationship between genes and gut microbiome.
Chronic alcohol use reshapes gene expression in key human brain regions linked to relapse vulnerability and neural damage
Chronic alcohol consumption alters endocannabinoid gene expression in reward- and decision-related brain regions, offering insights into addiction biology. This study reveals changes in CB1 and CB2 receptor genes, as well as GPR55 and FAAH enzymes, potentially leading to targeted therapeutic strategies.
Mental health crisis: Global surveys expose who falls through the cracks and how to catch them
Dr. Ronald C. Kessler's decades-long research transformed international understanding of psychiatric disorders and suicide prevention. His work exposes the global scope of mental health challenges and highlights key factors in prevention.
UMass Amherst researchers help uncover hidden genetic drivers of diabetes
A study co-led by UMass Amherst researchers identified hundreds of genes and proteins linked to Type 2 diabetes, many not captured by blood samples alone. The research found that genetic diversity across populations is crucial for identifying disease drivers.
How do nature and nurture shape our immune cells?
Researchers at Salk Institute debut an epigenetic catalog that shows genetic inheritance and life experiences have distinct effects on various types of immune cells, shedding light on individual differences in immune responses and potential new personalized therapeutics.
Ancien DNA pushes back record of treponemal disease-causing bacteria by 3,000 years
Scientists have recovered a genome of Treponema pallidum from 5,500-year-old human remains in Colombia, pushing back the genetic record of this pathogenic species by over 3,000 years. The discovery sheds new light on the evolutionary history of treponemal pathogens and their occurrence in human populations.
Number and timing of children linked to biological aging
The study found that women with two to three children tend to live the longest, while those with an above-average number of children have shorter lifespan. Pregnancies between ages 24 and 38 were also linked to more favorable aging patterns.
Many who die by suicide aren’t depressed, genetic research suggests
A new genetic study found that people without prior suicidal thoughts or behaviors have fewer psychiatric diagnoses and genetic risk factors for psychiatric conditions compared to those with known suicidality. This suggests that conventional wisdom on how to reduce suicide may need to be rethought.
Little-known strep bacteria behind growing number of severe infections
A new study reveals rising rates of invasive SDSE infections across Australia, particularly among older Australians and those from remote regions. The research highlights disparities in health outcomes between regions and populations, emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and prevention strategies.
Background genetic variants influence clinical features in complex disorders
A recent study found that a person's genetic background, rather than a single gene, plays a key role in the development of complex disorders. The research revealed patterns of secondary variants that can modify the impact of primary genetic variants on clinical outcomes.
AI can strengthen pandemic preparedness
Researchers argue that AI can strengthen pandemic preparedness by detecting emerging diseases earlier. By combining data from humans, animals, and the environment, AI can reveal patterns and provide insights into potential pathogens.
From Miami to Berlin: a stowaway rat reveals hidden global health risks
A rat discovered on a flight from Miami to Berlin revealed hidden global health risks, including the presence of a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain nearly identical to human variants. The study highlights the importance of standardized pathogen screening for animal stowaways and rats as indicators of ecosystem health.
Ancestry and genetic variants influence the risk of colorectal cancer
A large-scale study found that genetic variants and ancestry play a significant role in colorectal cancer risk in Brazil. The study identified nine genetic variants associated with disease risk, including four that contributed to the risk independently of other factors.
Industrial pollution’s imprint lasts generations
Researchers found a strong correlation between industrial pollution exposure during pregnancy and the risk of intellectual disabilities in grandchildren. A study using Utah Population Database data revealed that grandmothers' prenatal exposures can increase the risk of intellectual disabilities in their grandchildren's children.
Mothers’ genes may shape children’s weight - even without being passed down
A new study found that mothers' genetics may have a greater impact on their children's weight than previously thought. Researchers analyzed genetic and health data from over 2,600 UK families to examine the association between parental BMI and child birthweight, BMI, and diet.
Gene signature of hepatic ferroptosis reveals its pathogenic features
Researchers have identified a gene signature indicative of hepatic ferroptosis using an iron overload-induced mouse model and validated it in human liver injury systems. The study highlights the role of ferroptosis in liver injuries and offers potential therapeutic targets.
New gene variants significantly increase the risk of blood clots
Researchers at Lund University discovered three gene variants associated with a significantly increased risk of blood clots in the leg. These genetic mutations can lead to a 10-30% higher risk of venous thrombosis and are found in various populations worldwide.
Neutrophil-tumor cell crosstalk may serve as targets for new drugs and as biomarkers for advanced breast cancer
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found that neutrophils recruited by the tumor environment support tumor progression. They identified neutrophils and endothelial cells as key players in advanced-stage breast cancer tissues.
New study reveals bats are key players in cross-species spread of morbilliviruses
A new study finds that bats are a reservoir for morbilliviruses, including the human measles virus, and can transmit them to other mammalian species, such as monkeys. The research suggests that these viruses have crossed species boundaries multiple times, posing a significant threat to human health and livestock.
New AI tool reveals single-cell structure of chromosomes — in 3D
A new AI tool developed by University of Missouri researchers can predict the 3D shape of chromosomes inside individual cells, providing a new view of how genes work. The tool helps identify unique differences in chromosome folding between cells, which controls gene activity and can lead to diseases like cancer.
HKUMed study reveals high muscle strength can prevent type 2 diabetes regardless of genetic susceptibility
A large-scale epidemiological study found that higher muscle strength is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, even in individuals with high genetic susceptibility. The study highlights the importance of maintaining or improving muscle strength as a key strategy for preventing T2D.
Viral ‘backbone’ underlies variation in rotavirus vaccine effectiveness
Researchers found that full-genome differences between rotavirus strains influence vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for a broader approach to vaccine design. The study's results suggest that vaccines should be designed based on the whole genome of circulating strains, rather than just two surface proteins.
New study calls for ethical framework to protect Indigenous genetic privacy in wastewater monitoring
Researchers outline critical safeguards needed to balance public health benefits with Indigenous data sovereignty rights. The study highlights the risks of DNA persistence in wastewater samples, which can reveal sensitive information about community health.
Scientists warn of increased mpox transmission
Researchers have identified a new variant, clade 1b, of the mpox virus that has become more infectious and is spreading rapidly across borders. The study found that this variant primarily spreads through heterosexual contact in densely populated areas, with an estimated fatality rate of 3.4%.
High BP may develop at different ages and paces in East & South Asian adults in the UK
A new study published in the American Heart Association's Hypertension Journal highlights distinct blood pressure patterns among East and South Asian adults living in the UK. Researchers found that South Asian adults face high blood pressure-related heart risks earlier in life, while East Asian adults see risks rise in later years.
New study reveals genetic drivers of early onset type 2 diabetes in South Asians
A new study from Queen Mary University of London has identified the genetic drivers of early onset type 2 diabetes in South Asians, revealing a strong link to lower insulin production and unfavorable body fat distribution. The research also sheds light on treatment responses, highlighting the need for precision medicine approaches.
Researchers complete the largest compilation of cancer prevalence across vertebrates
A study of 292 species reveals that even large animals like whales and elephants are not immune to cancer, challenging Peto's paradox. The data suggests that different strategies, such as lower somatic mutation rates or unique tumor suppressor genes, may be responsible for some species' exceptional resistance to cancer.
Large-scale study of brain volume finds genetic links to Parkinson’s disease and ADHD
Researchers identified 254 genetic variants that shape key brain structures, including those controlling memory, motor skills, and addictive behaviors. The study provides a roadmap for understanding the genetic basis of brain-related disorders like Parkinson's disease and ADHD.
Searching for a vaccine against an ancient scourge
Researchers have conducted the largest genomic survey of the syphilis bacterium to date, correlating genetic data with clinical information to identify potential targets for a vaccine. The study found differences in bacterial strains between continents, but also similarities that suggest a global vaccine could be effective.
Improved epidemic monitoring via sewage
A new study from European universities has developed a method to analyze wastewater data from seven major cities, identifying thousands of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and antimicrobial resistance. This approach can detect potential health threats simultaneously, potentially preventing epidemics from escalating into outbreaks.
Genetic analysis sheds light on the role of IFT140 in polycystic kidney disease
A study published in Kidney International Reports identified mutations in the IFT140 gene as a potential cause of polycystic kidney disease in patients without a family history. The findings suggest that these patients may be underdiagnosed due to mild symptoms and atypical kidney characteristics.
Unraveling schizophrenia: new insights into genetic and environmental interplay
A comprehensive review highlights key findings on the complex relationship between genes and environment in schizophrenia risk, including polygenic risk scores and gene-environment interactions. The study emphasizes the importance of large cohorts and emerging tools to capture the full complexity of schizophrenia risk.
ALS diagnosis and survival linked to metals in blood, urine
A University of Michigan-led study found that higher levels of metals in blood and urine are associated with a greater risk for ALS and shorter survival. Occupational exposure to metals was also linked to increased metal levels, emphasizing the need for accounting for environmental factors when evaluating overall exposure risk.
Risks of anxiety, suicide attempt may rise significantly after cardiovascular hospitalization
A new analysis found that people hospitalized for heart disease, stroke, or cardiovascular diseases are 83% more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric conditions within the first year after hospitalization. Early mental health screening and intervention are crucial for patients and their loved ones.
Genes or environment? A new model for understanding disease risk factors
A new model developed by Penn State researchers more accurately predicts the causal relationship between genetic and environmental factors in disease development. The study found that lifestyle and environmental factors play a larger role than previously believed, offering new opportunities to mitigate disease risk.
New study identifies two proteins that may contribute to stroke recurrence
A new study has identified CCL27 and TNFRSF14 as genetic markers in inflammation that may contribute to stroke recurrence. These findings could lead to novel drug targets to mitigate disability and mortality after a first stroke.
Shedding light on the origin of a genetic variant underlying fungal infections
A recent study by Tokyo Medical and Dental University researchers suggests that a specific variant of the CARD9 gene prevalent across northern China, Korea, and Japan may have originated from a common ancestor. The c.820dup variant was found to be relatively common in China and has been estimated to be between 2,000 and 4,000 years old...
Disease-resistant strains of carp sparks hope in aquaculture
A new study reveals that disease-resistant fish exhibit lower viral loads and higher survival rates compared to susceptible counterparts. The results demonstrate the benefits of breeding resistant animals for sustainable food production and animal welfare.
HKUMed-led global research team finds no clear link between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and ADHD in children
A 20-year longitudinal study of over 3.6 million mother-baby pairs found no clear link between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and ADHD in children, suggesting shared genetic and familial factors may be at play.
Genetic analysis reveals true origin of chronic kidney disease in undiagnosed patients
Researchers discovered that known genetic variants account for a large portion of chronic kidney diseases with unknown origin. The study found that 10% of patients had pathogenic variants in CKD-causing genes, and some hereditary renal diseases could be diagnosed and treated early on to slow down disease progression.
USC researchers find genetic variant contributing to disparities in childhood leukemia risk
A study from USC Keck School of Medicine reveals a genetic variant on the IKZF1 gene contributing to increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia among Hispanic/Latino children. The variant increases ALL risk by around 1.4 times and may be linked to Indigenous American ancestry, according to researchers.
Researchers identify novel genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease
A new study has identified 17 significant genetic variants linked to Alzheimer's disease in five genomic regions. The findings highlight the value of whole genome sequencing data in gaining long-sought insight into the ultimate causes and risk factors for Alzheimer's, which is the fifth leading cause of death among people 65 and older.
Exposure to tobacco before birth significantly increased risk of Type 2 diabetes in adults
Research suggests that early-life tobacco exposure significantly increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in adulthood, particularly for individuals with a high genetic risk. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and smoking habits may modify this risk, emphasizing the importance of healthy lifestyle choices.
Newly discovered genetic markers help pinpoint diabetes risks, complications
A study has identified 1,289 genetic markers associated with Type 2 diabetes, including 145 newly discovered markers. The research provides risk scores for diabetes complications and suggests potential genetic targets for new treatments.
Interactions between flu subtypes predict epidemic severity more than virus evolution
Studies tracking influenza A(H3N2) evolutionary dynamics over 22 seasons show genetic distance and subtype interference as key factors in determining epidemic timing and severity. The study highlights antigenic drift of HA and NA antigens, with increased NA drift linked to greater epidemic intensity and dominance of the A(H3N2) subtype.
University of Cincinnati stroke experts present at international conference
Researchers discovered two new genetic pathways associated with worse ICH outcomes, including a pathway affecting blood coagulation and cellular interactions. Population data showed a decrease in aneurysmal SAH strokes and a rise in non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages, offering encouraging evidence for intervention success.
Researchers identify key cause of pregnancy sickness and a potential way to prevent it
A new study finds that a hormone produced by the fetus and a mother's sensitivity to it are the causes behind nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Lowering GDF15 levels or pre-exposing women to the hormone may mitigate symptoms, providing potential ways to prevent extreme forms of pregnancy sickness.
187 new genetic variants linked to prostate cancer found in largest, most diverse study of its kind
Researchers have identified 451 genetic variants associated with prostate cancer risk through a comprehensive analysis of nearly 950,000 men. The findings improve the accuracy of genetic risk scores and may lead to personalized screening recommendations for men at higher risk.
It’s corn! It has the…spots? Researchers supply significant genomic insight into tar spot of corn
A recent study has provided significant genomic insight into tar spot of corn, a destructive disease causing $1.2 billion in yield loss. The researchers identified over 100 novel effectors that play a crucial role during infection, warranting further investigation.
HKUMed Public Health researchers investigate the impact of replacing sedentary time with physical activity on genetic risk of coronary heart disease
A large-scale study found that replacing sedentary time with physical activity reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, especially in individuals at high genetic risk. The study analyzed data from over 77,000 participants and found that even small amounts of physical activity can lower relative risk.
How to slow the spread of deadly ‘superbugs’
A new Australian study suggests harnessing genomic surveillance technology can detect the rise of deadly 'superbugs', slowing their evolution and spread to improve global health outcomes. The study highlights the need for a multifaceted 'One Health' approach to surveillance, with practical recommendations for implementation.
Consistent lack of sleep is related to future depressive symptoms
A new genetic study found that consistently sleeping less than five hours a night may raise the risk of developing depressive symptoms. The study, published in Translational Psychiatry, analyzed data from over 7,000 people and found that short sleep was associated with the onset of depressive symptoms.