Articles tagged with Virology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study identified 76,077 viral RT sequences from global metagenomes, with a significant proportion derived from the human gut, emphasizing their critical role in maintaining gut microbiota stability. The analysis revealed seven evolutionary clades of viral RTs, including new clades suggesting unexplored functions.
Researchers discovered a giant virus, FloV-SA2, that encodes a ribosomal protein called eL40. This protein is crucial for translating genetic information into proteins, the building blocks of life. The study reveals new insights into how viruses interact with host cells and manipulate cellular metabolism.
A long-term study has shown that reintroducing resistant mountain yellow-legged frogs to sites infested with the deadly amphibian chytrid fungus allows for landscape-scale recovery. The frogs have developed resistance to the fungus, enabling them to persist in its presence and thrive in their ecosystems.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have successfully captured viral infection process under a light microscope using the giant Mimivirus. The footage showcases the proliferation of the virus and its release from cells, highlighting its biological significance in ecosystems.
The winners of the Applied Microbiology International Horizon Awards 2024 have been named, including the One Health Microbiome Center at Penn State and researchers Dr. François Thomas and Dr. Helen Onyeaka.
Researchers discovered a new type of jeilongvirus in a Florida mouse, which can infect humans and non-human primates, posing a risk of serious illness. The virus is genetically distinct from others and can cause disease in various species.
A new study has identified novel strains of microbes that have adapted to use limited resources in cities, including those found in Hong Kong's subways and skin. These microbes can metabolize manufactured products, posing health risks if they are pathogenic.
A recent study using AI has discovered over 160,000 new RNA virus species, shedding light on the diversity of life on Earth. The machine learning tool, LucaProt, was able to organize and categorize genetic sequence data, revealing a previously unknown branch of life.
Babesia parasite spread by ticks causes rare but severe symptoms in humans, including influenza-like illness and organ failure. Kashanchi isolates extracellular vesicles to investigate inflammatory cytokine responses and potential vaccine development.
A new study from European universities has developed a method to analyze wastewater data from seven major cities, identifying thousands of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and antimicrobial resistance. This approach can detect potential health threats simultaneously, potentially preventing epidemics from escalating into outbreaks.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have developed a streamlined way to engineer bacteriophages, viruses that naturally kill bacteria. The new technique uses retrons to edit phage genomes, allowing for the creation of numerous variants and paving the way for alternative treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections.
Rutgers University scientists discovered a virus that caused the nationwide die-off of superworms, a common food for birds and pets. They used an advanced form of microscopy and insect slurry to identify the pathogen, paving the way for future diagnosis and vaccine development.
A Cleveland Clinic-led study found that maternal Zika virus infections can reprogram fetal immune development, leading to long-term consequences in children's immunity. The changes occur even in children born without physical or neurological symptoms of congenital Zika syndrome, suggesting a broader impact.
A new study reveals that about two percent of the population develop autoantibodies against type 1 interferons, making them more susceptible to severe viral infections. The autoantibodies remain detectable in the blood for life and are associated with a compromised type 1 interferon system.
Co-circulation of Mayaro and chikungunya viruses has been observed in Roraima, Brazil's northernmost state, according to a recent study. The finding highlights the need for more effective epidemiological surveillance in the region. Deforestation and human activities may facilitate transmission in urban areas.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University discovered that mycoviral infections can increase the sensitivity of oomycete plant pathogens to specific fungicides. This finding could lead to innovative approaches for controlling plant diseases and reducing chemical treatments.
A new molecular test WID-qCIN detects significantly more cancers and precancerous stages than current methods, identifying 100% of invasive cervical cancer and 93% of serious precancerous lesions. The test reduces the need for colposcopy examinations by 40%, improving the effectiveness of screening programs.
Researchers discovered that two species of marine bacteria work together to produce vitamin B12, essential for metabolism and survival of many marine organisms. The bacteria release building blocks into the water, which are then combined to form the vitamin through a complex process involving viral infection.
Researchers at UC Riverside demonstrate a new vaccine strategy targeting a common viral genome part, eliminating the need for annual booster shots. The vaccine uses small RNA molecules to boost the immune system, making it safe for babies and those with weakened immunity.
A new study reveals that a specific RNA chemical modification, m6A, is crucial for HIV-1 virus replication and production. The research found that targeting this modification could lead to the development of new treatments for HIV infection.
A new lab-on-a-chip system combines optofluidics and nanopores to rapidly test for SARS-CoV-2 and Zika viruses with high accuracy. The tool, developed by UC Santa Cruz researchers, can detect viruses at extremely low concentrations and outperform PCR tests in some cases.
A new study by Karolinska Institutet researchers has identified the protein on cell surfaces that the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus uses to enter human cells. This discovery is crucial in developing effective treatments and vaccines for the deadly disease, which can cause up to 40% mortality rate.
The study highlights the emergence and spread of harmful pathogens due to climate change. The medical community must update their education and training to combat global warming and its impact on disease behavior.
A Zika vaccine candidate has been shown to be safe and effective when administered both before and during pregnancy, according to a new study. The purified, inactivated vaccine (ZPIV) candidate prevented placental damage and blocked transmission of Zika virus from mother to fetus.
A UC Riverside-led study has devised a way to make large quantities of the Membrane protein, which plays a crucial role in how SARS-CoV-2 acquires its spherical structure. The researchers found that when the M protein interacts with the membrane, it coaxes the membrane to curve, leading to the virus's characteristic shape.
Researchers have discovered a novel RNA viral genome from thermoacidophilic microbes in hot springs, revealing a previously overlooked third RNA virus kingdom. The discovery sheds light on the diversity and evolution of RNA viruses and their potential roles in high-temperature environments.
A new vaccine design has been developed by a UC Riverside-led research team, which uses preexisting immunity to the influenza virus to help kickstart the production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine aims to speed up the immune response and provide better protection for people who still lack immunity to the coronavirus.
Narayanan is working on treatments for alphaviruses at George Mason University. Researchers are exploring new approaches to combat these viruses, which have significant public health implications.
Researchers developed a pipeline to evaluate the risk of infections by aquatic animals. The study found no evidence of human-associated viruses in aquatic animal transcriptomes, confirming their safety as protein sources. However, proper handling and storage are crucial to controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread through cold-chain food.
A recent study published in Nature Nanotechnology investigates the coronavirus's ability to attach to human cells under various mechanical stresses. The Alpha variant shows stronger cell adhesion, potentially contributing to its rapid transmission.
A groundbreaking study analyzed the behavior of atoms in COVID-19 proteins to understand its evolution and spread. The research found critical distinctions in mechanical stability among various virus strains, highlighting how these differences contribute to the virus's aggressiveness.
A study of over 2,300 patients found that HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response decreases over time but highly potent broadly neutralizing antibodies remain detectable. This finding suggests a possible permanent vaccine response and is an important step toward developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
Researchers found that antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain have a lower ability to protect against delta variants compared to those targeting the receptor-binding domain. The study provides new insights into vaccine development, highlighting the importance of understanding antibody responses.
The COVID Moonshot Consortium has discovered novel noncovalent and nonpeptidic inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, with promising bioavailability and antiviral activity. The open-science project has yielded a wealth of data on the virus's main protease, paving the way for future therapeutics.
A new five-year research project combines AI, virology, and ecology to anticipate future SARS-CoV-2 strains that could pass between animals and people. The team will use artificial intelligence to predict variants and assess risk of spillover from people to wildlife.
Researchers observed a satellite bacteriophage consistently attaching to a helper bacteriophage at its neck, revealing a new viral relationship. The discovery suggests that this system may be more common than previously thought and could have significant implications for understanding the evolution of viruses.
A study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe found that individuals with severe COVID-19 infections experienced the highest prevalence of chronic physical symptoms and had the most persistent symptoms for up to two years after diagnosis. In contrast, those who were never bedridden during their infection presented with a sim...
The Cumming Global Centre for Pandemic Therapeutics is offering global grants of up to $200,000 per annum for three years to develop novel therapeutics for pathogens of pandemic potential. Researchers are invited to submit expressions of interest for Round Two of the Foundation Grants program.
A new study reveals that mosquito eggs can tolerate extended desiccation by changing their metabolic pathway. By rewiring their polyamine and lipid metabolism, the eggs become more resistant to dehydration. This finding provides potential new ways to control the spread of Zika virus.
Researchers launch EU-funded initiative to uncover EBV's role in MS, aiming to find underlying mechanism and develop antiviral treatments. The project seeks to improve disease course or stop progression, with potential for preventive strategies like vaccination.
Researchers have developed novel molecules that target the membrane of viruses, rather than their proteins, offering a promising new approach for treating infectious diseases. The molecules, inspired by natural peptides, disrupt the protective layers of enveloped viruses like Zika and chikungunya, while sparing human cells.
Researchers find that viruses, like bacteriophages, can eavesdrop on bacterial communication and switch from chill mode to kill mode in response to chemical signals. The study reveals tools that control this strategy and demonstrates its abundance, providing new insights into viral behavior.
A Danish population-based nonrandomized intervention study found that a catch-up HPV screening intervention improved cervical cancer prevention in women aged 65 and above. The study showed that these women were more likely to be diagnosed with cervical neoplasia after receiving the test.
Researchers have identified four species of coronaviruses in UK bats, including two novel ones, which are related to COVID-19 and MERS viruses. Regular monitoring of wildlife viruses is crucial for public health preparedness and biodiversity conservation.
Researchers identified four therapeutic monoclonal antibody candidates that neutralized a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Prolonged exposure to the virus triggered somatic hypermutations, equipping these antibodies with an extensive binding interface.
A new study published in Science Advances has found that certain antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus can mistakenly target the brain and spinal cord, causing damage in multiple sclerosis patients. The research reveals a potential link between EBV infection and MS, with implications for personalized therapies.
A Phase 3 trial found that mailing HPV self-collection kits and scheduling assistance increased cervical cancer screenings among under-screened, underserved women. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in breaking down access barriers to screening.
A study found bats in disrupted ecosystems are more frequently infected with coronaviruses, linked to chronic stress and loss of resources. Land use changes such as agriculture, deforestation, and energy production increase the risk of bat infection.
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University found that users of heated tobacco products had a higher rate of COVID-19 infections and severe cases requiring hospitalization or oxygen. Researchers analyzed data from 30,130 participants and discovered a significant association between heated tobacco product use and increased risk of SARS-CoV...
The CoDe tool enables precise edits to genetic codes, making vaccines safer and more effective. It can also modulate gene expression in small sections, aiding vaccine design and basic research.
Researchers suggest a four-part framework to identify animal viruses that may infect humans, focusing on viruses from repeat offender families and those with known human compatibility. By studying these viruses early, scientists can develop diagnostic tools and treatments, and be better prepared to combat future pandemics.
Researchers identified 7 key symptoms of long COVID, including heart issues and joint pain, in a study of 52,461 patients. The findings could help healthcare providers diagnose and treat the condition more effectively.
Researchers found that measles virus mutations in its fusion protein allow it to infect nerve cells, leading to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The team's discovery sheds light on the evolutionary mechanisms of viruses like coronaviruses and herpesviruses.
Experts call for a nuanced discussion around gain of function research, highlighting its benefits for human health and its potential to reduce future disease outbreaks. The authors emphasize the need for evidence-based policies that balance safety concerns with the importance of this research in protecting humanity from viral threats.
Researchers developed a translational step forward in treating brain tumors using intraventricular immunovirotherapy, which has shown safety and efficacy in recent clinical trials. This approach uses oncolytic herpes simplex virus type-1 to target high-grade glioma with promising results.
Researchers have shed new light on viral genome replication machinery, revealing its intricate structure at atomic resolution. The study, published in PNAS, provides essential insights into the assembly, dynamic operation, and potential therapeutic targets of this complex machine.
Researchers found that high levels of mucosal IgA antibodies in the airways protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection for at least eight months, with a 90% lower risk of re-infection. Participants with prior infections generated stronger mucosal immune responses to Omicron breakthrough infections.
A new study found that COVID-19 primarily affected patients with a moderate to critical course, often with comorbidities, whereas many had mild courses despite metastatic melanoma and systemic therapy, recommending continued treatment whenever possible.
A study found that Ezo red foxes and Japanese raccoon dogs infected with HPAI virus had different outcomes due to varying diets. The fox died, while the raccoon dog survived but suffered damage to its eyes. The findings suggest that monitoring programs should be expanded to understand HPAI ecology and identify risk factors.
A team of researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has discovered that certain microorganisms, such as Halteria, can eat high numbers of chloroviruses, which are known to infect green algae. This finding suggests that virovory, a virus-only diet, can support physiological growth and even population growth in an organism.