Articles tagged with Glucose
A large cohort study found a modestly increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use. In contrast, SGLT2 inhibitor use was not linked to an increased risk. The findings warrant heightened vigilance for GLP-1 RA users.
Scientists at Stockholm University and SciLifeLab have uncovered a crucial missing link in how sugar transporters move nutrients into cells. Their study reveals that these transport proteins rely on a previously uncharacterized intermediate state, similar to the 'transition state' in enzyme catalysis.
A $35 monthly insulin out-of-pocket cap is associated with significantly lower insulin costs, increased access to insulin, and decreased blood glucose levels among Medicare beneficiaries. This finding suggests that federal cost-sharing policies could improve access to essential medications in diabetes.
A post hoc analysis found that tirzepatide was associated with a lower incidence of a broad composite cardiovascular and kidney endpoint. The study compared tirzepatide with dulaglutide in patients with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
A landmark trial is underway to test new treatments that restore the body's natural warning signs for low blood glucose in people with type 1 diabetes. The CLEAR trial compares innovative treatments, including an artificial pancreas system and bespoke psychoeducational programs, to find the most effective way to prevent severe episodes.
Continuing GLP-1/GIP agonists before upper endoscopy increased clinically significant residual gastric volume, but did not elevate adverse event risk. Clear liquids the day prior to the procedure may mitigate this risk.
Researchers have developed a printable enzyme ink that simplifies the mass production of enzymatic biofuel cells, paving the way for self-powered wearable sensors. The ink enables the creation of high-performance electrodes with minimal decay, suitable for real-world monitoring applications.
A research team at Kumamoto University identified a plant-derived molecule, PGG, that breaks down transthyretin (TTR) amyloid linked to heart and nerve disorders. The study found PGG effectively disassembled amyloid fibrils without disrupting other types of protein aggregates.
Research reveals that people living at high altitudes have better glucose control due to an increased ability of red blood cells to take up and metabolize glucose. Studies in mice show that this occurs when RBCs are reprogrammed by hypoxic conditions, allowing them to adapt to low oxygen levels and aid the body's oxygen delivery.
A nationwide cohort study found that semaglutide initiators had a significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy compared to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor initiators. The absolute risk was low, but clinicians and patients should be aware of this rare but evident increased risk.
A comparative effectiveness study found that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists. These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor treatment may be an effective strategy for preventing kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered genes that regulate fibroblast growth, which builds the scaffolding between cells. Adjusting these factors reversed age-related changes and improved health outcomes in mice. The study offers new opportunities to understand and reverse aging-related diseases.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a hidden molecular control switch inside the protein TRPM5, which regulates taste, blood sugar control and gut health. The switch can be activated or inhibited by small molecules, unlocking new opportunities for therapeutic development.
Research shows that high glucose levels cause mitochondria to move towards the periphery of pancreatic beta cells. This movement is linked to insulin secretion and may play a role in regulating blood sugar levels. The study found that inhibiting microtubules disrupted this process, suggesting a key role for these structures in mitochon...
A study published in Environmental Endocrinology found that teens with higher blood levels of PFAS before bariatric surgery had smaller improvements in blood sugar over five years. This could lead to the metabolic benefits of the surgery fading within a decade.
Researchers at MIT have developed a shoebox-sized device that can measure blood glucose levels using Raman spectroscopy, potentially replacing finger pricks for people with diabetes. The device's accuracy is similar to that of commercially available continuous glucose monitoring sensors.
A study conducted at the University of California, Riverside, has uncovered a link between soybean oil consumption and obesity in mice. The research found that a genetically engineered group of mice on a high-fat diet rich in soybean oil did not gain weight, suggesting that the liver protein HNF4α plays a crucial role in fat metabolism.
Researchers found a significant link between type 1 diabetes and an increased risk of bladder cancer, with people being 4.29 times more likely to develop the disease. The new analysis controlled for tobacco smoking, a factor that obscured the heightened risk in earlier studies.
The study found clear absolute benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney, hospitalization, and mortality outcomes regardless of diabetes status and level of urine albumin to creatinine ratio. This benefit suggests a potential therapeutic approach for patients with kidney disease.
This study found that GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is offer the greatest cardiovascular benefits for adults with type 2 diabetes. The magnitude of benefit depends on baseline age, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and kidney impairment.
Researchers found that consuming cruciferous vegetables improved glycaemic control and reduced sugar spike variability in non-diabetic adults with elevated blood pressure. The study suggests incorporating these vegetables into dietary recommendations for better blood sugar regulation.
Researchers found that the timing of the last evening meal and an individual's insulin sensitivity play a crucial role in regulating glucose levels. Dietary recommendations should consider both carbohydrate consumption and meal timing to prevent nighttime glycemic spikes, making personalized management strategies more precise.
Researchers have identified a risk category called 'pre-prediabetes' that occurs years before standard criteria for prediabetes are met. This stage is characterized by severe insulin resistance and measurable cardiovascular disease, highlighting the need for early detection and treatment.
Researchers found that measures of glycemic control were more closely linked to changes in food preferences than body weight status. Participants who had fasting glucose and HbA1C at the high end of normal were less likely to prefer flavors paired with nutrients, even if they had a healthy BMI.
A new study from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) reveals that glucose uptake is poorly managed in β-cells from people with Type 2 diabetes, leading to reduced insulin secretion. Restoring proper GLUT trafficking could slow disease progression and personalize therapies, according to the researchers.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment was associated with reduced all-cause mortality among older patients with cancer and type 2 diabetes. The survival benefit persisted across various subgroups, including age, sex, and cancer type.
Researchers found that hypothermia in mice elevated fasting glucose and insulin levels, mimicking insulin resistance. Reversing the hypothermia restored normal glucose metabolism through warming the animals.
A team of researchers from the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson has identified a potential drug candidate for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The study, published in Cell Metabolism, found that a key ingredient triggering HFpEF is an enzyme that converts glucose into harmful byproducts, ultimat...
A new USC-led study found a significant link between type 2 diabetes and cortical thickness in older adults from various populations. The researchers discovered that individuals with T2DM exhibited thinner cortex, particularly in temporal and parietal regions critical for memory and cognitive function.
Researchers have found that promoting glucose metabolism in glial cells can relieve inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in Alzheimer's patients. This discovery presents an exciting new therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson's.
A new study from the University of Missouri suggests that exercise can improve brain health and mitigate cognitive decline, even when ketone production in the liver is impaired. The research found that endurance exercise can prevent cognitive impairment caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis.
A new study at Stellenbosch University found that blocking the enzymes involved in glycolysis could cut off the malaria parasite's primary energy source and kill it. This approach has shown promise for developing new malaria drugs, particularly against resistant parasites.
A novel selective medium was developed to isolate Escherichia albertii, a previously uncharacterized species. The CT-PS-XR-MacConkey agar selectively differentiated E. albertii from other bacteria, including those in food samples. This finding has significant implications for the identification and study of this pathogen.
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause dementia. Cardioprotective glucose-lowering therapies, however, did not show an overall reduction in dementia risk.
Research reveals that GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i medications significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in people with type 2 diabetes. No significant difference was found between these two treatments.
A new paper highlights emerging alternatives to traditional diabetes medicines, such as continuous glucose monitors and lifestyle interventions like GEM, which can improve patient adherence and long-term health outcomes.
A Stanford Medicine study reveals glucose plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration by binding to proteins that control gene expression. Researchers found that glucose levels increase significantly as cells differentiate, supporting the growth of specialized cells in various tissues.
A study published by Tohoku University reveals that epileptic seizures can significantly reduce ATP levels in neurons, while increasing pyruvate levels in astrocytes. This finding challenges the traditional view of brain energy dynamics and suggests a more complex interplay between neuronal activity and metabolic processes.
The Dexcom G7 CGM device demonstrated an accuracy of 8.0% in a study involving 130 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, setting a new standard for continuous glucose monitoring devices.
The INHALE-3 extension study found that a regimen of inhaled technosphere insulin and insulin degludec reduced post-meal hyperglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. The treatment showed significant improvements in mean time in range, with 43% of participants expressing interest in continuing the regimen.
A recent study using mice found that chronic sucrose consumption disrupts physiological processes, leading to diseases such as diabetes and obesity. The small intestine plays a key role in this process, causing an imbalance in glucose uptake and nutrient absorption.
Researchers at Indian Institute of Science use polarized light to measure glucose concentration with near clinical accuracy in water, serum solutions and tissue samples. The technique exploits the interaction between glucose molecules and polarized light to create unique sound wave patterns.
Research suggests flavonoids improve insulin sensitivity, enhance β-cell function, modulate the gut microbiota, inhibit gluconeogenesis, and regulate enteroendocrine hormones in type 2 diabetes management. Flavonoid-specific effects on GLP-1, GIP, PYY, and CCK secretion contribute to improved glycemic control.
A new study found that poor sleep health is associated with a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes. Women who slept six hours or fewer per night had a 32% higher risk compared to those who met the recommended seven to eight hours of sleep.
A new study found that birds have lower cancer rates despite high blood sugar levels, challenging existing assumptions. The research suggests that some species have evolved natural biological defenses against cancer, which could inspire new approaches to prevention and treatment in humans.
A large-scale comparative study reveals that some birds have evolved mechanisms to resist protein glycation, a process causing cellular damage from high blood sugar levels. This challenges conventional wisdom on metabolism and ageing in birds.
A Japanese study found that CGM devices with low-glucose alerts reduced hypoglycemic incidents and increased confidence among diabetic drivers. The findings suggest that such systems can make driving safer for people with diabetes.
A new study published in Nutrients found that eating two cups of mango daily can help lower insulin concentration levels and improve insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese adults. The study, conducted at the Illinois Institute of Technology, showed significant reductions in insulin resistance and improved beta-cell function.
This cohort study found persistent inadequate sleep duration and late sleep onset linked to increased glycemic variability in adults. The study emphasizes the importance of considering both sleep duration and timing for optimizing glycemic control.
Researchers have discovered a novel approach to protecting insulin-producing beta cells from glucolipotoxicity, a condition linked to type 2 diabetes progression. The findings could lead to promising treatments targeting beta cell dysfunction, potentially slowing or preventing disease progression.
Researchers at Kobe University discovered that gut microbes convert glucose into short-chain fatty acids when fed sugar, highlighting a new symbiotic relationship. This finding could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for regulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.
Researchers have found that Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) can overestimate blood sugar levels in healthy adults by up to 400%, potentially causing unnecessary worry and dietary restrictions. The study suggests that CGMs may not be a valid method for determining the glycaemic index of foods.
A deep learning model, CGMformer, leverages large-scale continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to extract individual glucose dynamics. The model captures a continuous picture of glucose fluctuations, identifying patterns that may indicate early metabolic dysfunction.
A new study found high discordance among clinical experts on interpreting CGM reports from individuals without diabetes, highlighting the need for more research and guidelines. Experts recommend follow-up and specific reasoning for their decisions, despite having extensive CGM experience.
Scientists develop novel micro-vibration assisted dual-layer spiral microneedles for rapid interstitial fluid extraction, enabling efficient glucose detection. The technology offers a less invasive alternative to traditional blood sampling methods.
A recent study reveals that intermittent fasting can impair beta-cell function and maturation in young mice, potentially leading to diabetes. Researchers found that adolescent mice showed a decline in insulin production after prolonged fasting, with defective beta cells resembling those of type 1 diabetes patients.
Researchers discovered that PanK4 plays a crucial role in regulating glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscles. The protein is activated by physical exercise and has potential as a target for treating metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that people with diabetes are more likely to develop antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which can spread rapidly and evade treatment. Controlling blood sugar levels through insulin use may be key in preventing antibiotic resistance.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs show reduced risk of moderate/severe COPD exacerbations compared to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors. This finding may inform glucose-lowering medication prescribing for patients with type 2 diabetes and active COPD.
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 601 trials revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors were more cardioprotective in older adults, while GLP-1 receptor agonists offered greater benefits to younger patients. These findings suggest personalized treatment approaches for type 2 diabetes based on age and sex.